Li Xuan's research team collaborated to analyze the complete biosphere structure of the deepest sediment in the Mariana Trench and isolate its microorganisms

On July 13, 2021, Genome Biology , an international academic journal, published an online publication of the Li Xuan research group of the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Fang Jiasong Research Group of Shanghai Ocean University and the Lampung Research Group of Fudan University.
The paper entitled "Revealing the full biosphere structure and versatile metabolic functions in the deepest ocean sediment of the Challenger Deep"
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This work is aimed at the sediment ecological environment of the deepest part of the earth and the Challenger Abyss in the Mariana Trench.
Using methods such as deep metagenomic analysis and large-scale microbial culture and isolation, it reveals the complete biosphere of the deepest ocean sediments on the earth: including bacteria and archaea.
, Biological community structure, genome sequence draft and metabolic biochemical potential of eukaryotic microorganisms and viruses; this work has also successfully cultivated and isolated more than 2,000 strains (including many new species) of microorganisms and bacteria in extreme ecological environments from the sediments of the Mariana Trench And fungus
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The Mariana Trench is formed by the collision and compression of two geological tectonic plates: the Philippine Sea Plate and the Pacific Plate
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It has the deepest sea area known on earth, the Challenger's Depth with a depth of 11,000 meters

The cooperative research team used deep metagenomic sequencing analysis methods on the collected sediment samples of the Mariana Trench to reveal for the first time the complete biosphere of the earth’s deepest marine sediments: the biological community structure of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotic microorganisms and viruses, Draft genome sequence and metabolic biochemical potential
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The main research results include:

1) Constructed and obtained a draft of the Metagenome-Assembled Genome (Metagenome-Assembled Genome) of a total of 178 bacteria/archaea representing 26 phyla in the sediments of the Mariana Trench
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It reveals the life>

2) It is found that the eukaryotic microbial community in the sediments of the Mariana Trench is dominated by six fungal phyla, including ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
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These fungi have the ability to assimilate and dissimilate sulfate reduction reactions and sulfide oxidation reactions.

3) Macroviromics analysis found that there are at least 15 families of marine viruses in the sediments of the Mariana Trench
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The evolutionary analysis of the main Caudovirales viruses revealed that two Mariana Trench-specific Myoviridae virus evolutionary branches (MT clade I and II) and the Long-tailed phage family (Siphoviridae) ) Virus evolution branch (MT clade III)

The cooperative research team also used 24 different types of microbial culture media to carry out large-scale microbial culture and separation of the Mariana Trench sediment specimens under different conditions (4°C/28°C; aerobic/anaerobic)
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A total of more than 2,000 strains of bacteria and fungi in extreme ecological environments were isolated, and a total of 1,070 species of bacteria and 19 species of fungi were identified

Dr.
Chen Ping, Ph.
D.
from the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PhD candidates Zhou Hui, Zhang Mengjie, Dr.
Huang Yanyan from Fudan University, and Dr.
Xie Zhe from Shanghai Ocean University are the co-first authors of this article
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Researcher Li Xuan from the Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Fang Jiasong from Shanghai Ocean University, and Professor Lampeng from Fudan University are the co-corresponding authors

　　Link to the paper: https://genomebiology.

In the ecological environment of the abyssal sediments in the Mariana Trench: A) 26 phyla of 178 bacterial/archaeal phylogenetic trees; B) the species abundance of the fungal community and the gene distribution of carbohydrate active enzymes and peptidase families; C) abyssal virus -Host interaction network; D) Cultivation of isolated pressure-tolerant fungi