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*For medical professionals to read for reference, the key to improving cancer survival rates is.
.
.
On January 12, Divine Journal CA published the latest cancer statistics report, which provides an analysis of the incidence and mortality rates of all cancer types and individual cancer types in the United States in 2022.
make an estimate
.
It is worth noting that the report found through statistics that from 1991 to 2019, the overall cancer mortality rate in the United States decreased by 32%
.
From 2004 to 2018, the 3-year survival rate of lung cancer increased from 21% to 31%
.
From 2014 to 2018, the incidence of breast cancer in the United States has been rising slowly, while the incidence of prostate cancer has declined relatively steadily (but the incidence of advanced prostate cancer has increased)
.
What causes the 32% drop in all-cause cancer mortality? In the past ten years, why has the 3-year survival rate of lung cancer in the United States increased by 10%? What can we learn from the American experience? Screening Linked to Lower Cancer Death Rates! The biggest reason for the 32% drop in cancer mortality in the U.
S.
is a decline in lung cancer mortality
.
The report pointed out that in the 20th century, lung cancer mortality rose sharply due to the tobacco epidemic
.
With the reduction of smoking population, early diagnosis and improvement of treatment options, the cancer mortality rate has been decreasing year by year
.
Second, the year-on-year decline in colorectal cancer mortality is the second leading cause
.
In 2013, the USPSTF first recommended lung cancer screening
.
Since then, nationwide, the proportion of lung cancer diagnosed in the early stages has risen, while the incidence of advanced lung cancer has declined
.
Early diagnosis has improved the 5-year relative survival of lung cancer in the United States from 6% to 33% localized and 60% in situ
.
Breast cancer data show that the death rate from breast cancer in women peaked in 1989
.
Since then, because of the application of X-rays, breast cancer patients can be diagnosed and intervened at an early stage, and the mortality rate has dropped by 42%
.
But the rate of decline in breast cancer mortality has slowed in recent years, perhaps because of restrictions on mammography
.
PSA testing has also reduced prostate cancer mortality by 53 percent since 1993
.
These data fully illustrate the importance of screening in cancer prevention and early diagnosis
.
The difference between the estimated number of cancer deaths in the United States and the actual number: red is the estimated number of deaths, blue is the actual number of deaths.
Of course, the implementation of screening will also lead to an increase in the incidence of cancer
.
For example, in 1990, the incidence of prostate cancer in the United States surged due to the introduction of PSA testing; between 2010 and 2018, the incidence of lung cancer increased from 3% to 5%
.
But earlier detection of cancer and early intervention can undoubtedly prolong the survival of patients
.
Another issue with screening is overscreening
.
Overscreening may lead to overtreatment, and this critical point needs to be continuously demonstrated in later practice
.
Targeted and immunotherapy improve tumor survival The development of targeted and immunotherapy has improved the survival of most cancer patients, and new treatment options have also provided cancer patients with a variety of options
.
This phenomenon is particularly prominent in hematological tumors, lung cancer, and melanoma
.
In the 1970s, the 5-year survival rate for chronic myeloid leukemia was 22%
.
Due to the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the 5-year survival rate of leukemia patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2017 reached 71%
.
In the field of lung cancer, targeted therapy has brought earth-shaking changes in diagnosis and treatment
.
In 2001, the 3-year survival rate for lung cancer was 19%; in 2015-2017, the 3-year survival rate increased to 31%
.
The most closely related reason for this progress is the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and treatment methods, such as more accurate staging, and more advanced surgical concepts and techniques
.
Among them, targeted drugs such as EGFR-TKI and ALK-TKI have brought long-term survival benefits to NSCLC patients with positive driver genes
.
Immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor) was approved by the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015 as a second-line treatment option for NSCLC and also prolongs survival in NSCLC
.
In addition, adjuvant chemotherapy and combination therapy for breast cancer, colorectal cancer and other cancers have also reduced cancer mortality
.
The incidence of various cancer types is obvious▌ Lung cancer: smoking is still the main culprit in the treatment of lung cancer, and more than 80% of lung cancer can be attributed to smoking
.
From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of lung cancer in the United States has been decreasing at a rate of 3% for men and 1% for women
.
It is worth noting that because women start smoking later and quit smoking more slowly, their incidence rate declines more slowly, and the gender gap in the incidence of lung cancer caused by smoking is gradually narrowing
.
Among 20-49 year olds diagnosed with lung cancer, 72% of women and 81% of men had a history of smoking
.
▌ Breast cancer: The incidence of breast cancer has increased since the 21st century
.
This is not only related to the development of breast cancer screening technology, but the decline in fertility and excess weight will lead to an increase in the incidence of breast cancer.
thing!)
.
Both of these factors may contribute to prolonged breast exposure to estrogen
.
▌ Cervical cancer: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women aged 20-39
.
Persistent infection of high-risk HPV is the cause of cervical cancer
.
While mortality rates for most cancers are declining, cervical cancer mortality rates are increasing year by year
.
This may be related to the poor prognosis of cervical adenocarcinoma and the difficulty in detecting it by cytological screening
.
▌ Thyroid cancer: The incidence of thyroid cancer is declining, mainly due to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations to avoid excessive screening for thyroid cancer and to adopt more conservative pathological biopsy criteria
.
▌ Colorectal cancer: The incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing year by year
.
In people over 50 years of age, the incidence of colorectal cancer is declining at a rate of 2% per year; but in young adults, the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing at a rate of 1.
5% per year
.
After colonoscopy became widespread, the incidence of colorectal cancer declined rapidly
.
But the reason for the rising incidence among young people may be related to life>
.
In addition, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and liver cancer has also declined steadily, especially among men in the past 20 years
.
But HPV-related cancers of the mouth, throat, kidney, and pancreas are on the rise
.
What can we learn from CA's report? What can we learn from the changes in cancer incidence and mortality data in the United States? ▌ Screening of high-risk groups is very important.
With the in-depth study of cancer etiology, the high-risk groups of major cancer types are gradually clear, such as BRCA gene mutation, Lynch syndrome and other groups
.
Smoking, an unhealthy life>
.
Screening of high-risk groups is an effective way to reduce cancer mortality
.
The report states that screening with low-dose helical CT in people with a smoking history of >20 packs per year will reduce lung cancer mortality by 39%
.
Therefore, in March 2021, the USPSTF updated the high-risk population of lung cancer, that is, people aged 50-80 years with a smoking history of >20 packs/year
.
In China, the high-risk group for lung cancer is those aged ≥40 years with at least one of the following risk factors: smoking ≥20 pack-years (1 pack per day for 20 years or 2 packs per day for 10 years), including smoking cessation time less than 15 years Passive smokers; Occupational exposures (asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon, etc.
); History of malignant tumor or family history of lung cancer; History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
.
Screening for other types of cancer (such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer) can also be referred to: Wu Mengda died in "less than 3 months" from the discovery of liver cancer! Why is the annual checkup for cancer still advanced?
.
▌ Novel therapies improve tumor prognosis targeting, and the efficacy of immunotherapy in the field of solid tumors is obvious to all
.
Increasing investment in targeted drugs and immunotherapy to achieve precise treatment and whole-process management will help achieve long-term survival of cancer patients
.
From the data, we can see the comparison of the efficacy data of new treatment methods in lung cancer, blood tumor, and melanoma
.
The good news is that in recent years, major pharmaceutical companies have increased investment in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs, and large-scale clinical trials have developed rapidly, providing tumor patients with more treatment options and opportunities for clinical trials
.
▌ Widespread vaccination of HPV vaccine benefits patients The HPV vaccine is currently the only vaccine proven to prevent one type of cancer
.
In the United States, the prevalence of HPV vaccine is far less than in other high-income countries (UK, Australia)
.
The penetration rate of HPV vaccine in China is also far from enough
.
In addition, oral cancer and throat cancer caused by HPV infection also threaten people's health
.
HPV vaccination will protect this part of the susceptible population and reduce cancer caused by persistent infection of the corresponding high-risk HPV virus
.
▌ Under the epidemic, the possible crisis of cancer diagnosis and treatment Recently, with the outbreak of epidemics in various places, cancer screening may be delayed
.
This could impact the early diagnosis and early intervention of cancer
.
For patients who are receiving anti-tumor treatment, the epidemic is also very likely to delay their treatment and affect the efficacy
.
In special times, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer needs to be optimized according to local conditions
.
.
.
On January 12, Divine Journal CA published the latest cancer statistics report, which provides an analysis of the incidence and mortality rates of all cancer types and individual cancer types in the United States in 2022.
make an estimate
.
It is worth noting that the report found through statistics that from 1991 to 2019, the overall cancer mortality rate in the United States decreased by 32%
.
From 2004 to 2018, the 3-year survival rate of lung cancer increased from 21% to 31%
.
From 2014 to 2018, the incidence of breast cancer in the United States has been rising slowly, while the incidence of prostate cancer has declined relatively steadily (but the incidence of advanced prostate cancer has increased)
.
What causes the 32% drop in all-cause cancer mortality? In the past ten years, why has the 3-year survival rate of lung cancer in the United States increased by 10%? What can we learn from the American experience? Screening Linked to Lower Cancer Death Rates! The biggest reason for the 32% drop in cancer mortality in the U.
S.
is a decline in lung cancer mortality
.
The report pointed out that in the 20th century, lung cancer mortality rose sharply due to the tobacco epidemic
.
With the reduction of smoking population, early diagnosis and improvement of treatment options, the cancer mortality rate has been decreasing year by year
.
Second, the year-on-year decline in colorectal cancer mortality is the second leading cause
.
In 2013, the USPSTF first recommended lung cancer screening
.
Since then, nationwide, the proportion of lung cancer diagnosed in the early stages has risen, while the incidence of advanced lung cancer has declined
.
Early diagnosis has improved the 5-year relative survival of lung cancer in the United States from 6% to 33% localized and 60% in situ
.
Breast cancer data show that the death rate from breast cancer in women peaked in 1989
.
Since then, because of the application of X-rays, breast cancer patients can be diagnosed and intervened at an early stage, and the mortality rate has dropped by 42%
.
But the rate of decline in breast cancer mortality has slowed in recent years, perhaps because of restrictions on mammography
.
PSA testing has also reduced prostate cancer mortality by 53 percent since 1993
.
These data fully illustrate the importance of screening in cancer prevention and early diagnosis
.
The difference between the estimated number of cancer deaths in the United States and the actual number: red is the estimated number of deaths, blue is the actual number of deaths.
Of course, the implementation of screening will also lead to an increase in the incidence of cancer
.
For example, in 1990, the incidence of prostate cancer in the United States surged due to the introduction of PSA testing; between 2010 and 2018, the incidence of lung cancer increased from 3% to 5%
.
But earlier detection of cancer and early intervention can undoubtedly prolong the survival of patients
.
Another issue with screening is overscreening
.
Overscreening may lead to overtreatment, and this critical point needs to be continuously demonstrated in later practice
.
Targeted and immunotherapy improve tumor survival The development of targeted and immunotherapy has improved the survival of most cancer patients, and new treatment options have also provided cancer patients with a variety of options
.
This phenomenon is particularly prominent in hematological tumors, lung cancer, and melanoma
.
In the 1970s, the 5-year survival rate for chronic myeloid leukemia was 22%
.
Due to the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the 5-year survival rate of leukemia patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2017 reached 71%
.
In the field of lung cancer, targeted therapy has brought earth-shaking changes in diagnosis and treatment
.
In 2001, the 3-year survival rate for lung cancer was 19%; in 2015-2017, the 3-year survival rate increased to 31%
.
The most closely related reason for this progress is the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and treatment methods, such as more accurate staging, and more advanced surgical concepts and techniques
.
Among them, targeted drugs such as EGFR-TKI and ALK-TKI have brought long-term survival benefits to NSCLC patients with positive driver genes
.
Immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor) was approved by the U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015 as a second-line treatment option for NSCLC and also prolongs survival in NSCLC
.
In addition, adjuvant chemotherapy and combination therapy for breast cancer, colorectal cancer and other cancers have also reduced cancer mortality
.
The incidence of various cancer types is obvious▌ Lung cancer: smoking is still the main culprit in the treatment of lung cancer, and more than 80% of lung cancer can be attributed to smoking
.
From 2009 to 2018, the incidence of lung cancer in the United States has been decreasing at a rate of 3% for men and 1% for women
.
It is worth noting that because women start smoking later and quit smoking more slowly, their incidence rate declines more slowly, and the gender gap in the incidence of lung cancer caused by smoking is gradually narrowing
.
Among 20-49 year olds diagnosed with lung cancer, 72% of women and 81% of men had a history of smoking
.
▌ Breast cancer: The incidence of breast cancer has increased since the 21st century
.
This is not only related to the development of breast cancer screening technology, but the decline in fertility and excess weight will lead to an increase in the incidence of breast cancer.
thing!)
.
Both of these factors may contribute to prolonged breast exposure to estrogen
.
▌ Cervical cancer: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women aged 20-39
.
Persistent infection of high-risk HPV is the cause of cervical cancer
.
While mortality rates for most cancers are declining, cervical cancer mortality rates are increasing year by year
.
This may be related to the poor prognosis of cervical adenocarcinoma and the difficulty in detecting it by cytological screening
.
▌ Thyroid cancer: The incidence of thyroid cancer is declining, mainly due to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations to avoid excessive screening for thyroid cancer and to adopt more conservative pathological biopsy criteria
.
▌ Colorectal cancer: The incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing year by year
.
In people over 50 years of age, the incidence of colorectal cancer is declining at a rate of 2% per year; but in young adults, the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing at a rate of 1.
5% per year
.
After colonoscopy became widespread, the incidence of colorectal cancer declined rapidly
.
But the reason for the rising incidence among young people may be related to life>
.
In addition, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and liver cancer has also declined steadily, especially among men in the past 20 years
.
But HPV-related cancers of the mouth, throat, kidney, and pancreas are on the rise
.
What can we learn from CA's report? What can we learn from the changes in cancer incidence and mortality data in the United States? ▌ Screening of high-risk groups is very important.
With the in-depth study of cancer etiology, the high-risk groups of major cancer types are gradually clear, such as BRCA gene mutation, Lynch syndrome and other groups
.
Smoking, an unhealthy life>
.
Screening of high-risk groups is an effective way to reduce cancer mortality
.
The report states that screening with low-dose helical CT in people with a smoking history of >20 packs per year will reduce lung cancer mortality by 39%
.
Therefore, in March 2021, the USPSTF updated the high-risk population of lung cancer, that is, people aged 50-80 years with a smoking history of >20 packs/year
.
In China, the high-risk group for lung cancer is those aged ≥40 years with at least one of the following risk factors: smoking ≥20 pack-years (1 pack per day for 20 years or 2 packs per day for 10 years), including smoking cessation time less than 15 years Passive smokers; Occupational exposures (asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon, etc.
); History of malignant tumor or family history of lung cancer; History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis
.
Screening for other types of cancer (such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer) can also be referred to: Wu Mengda died in "less than 3 months" from the discovery of liver cancer! Why is the annual checkup for cancer still advanced?
.
▌ Novel therapies improve tumor prognosis targeting, and the efficacy of immunotherapy in the field of solid tumors is obvious to all
.
Increasing investment in targeted drugs and immunotherapy to achieve precise treatment and whole-process management will help achieve long-term survival of cancer patients
.
From the data, we can see the comparison of the efficacy data of new treatment methods in lung cancer, blood tumor, and melanoma
.
The good news is that in recent years, major pharmaceutical companies have increased investment in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs, and large-scale clinical trials have developed rapidly, providing tumor patients with more treatment options and opportunities for clinical trials
.
▌ Widespread vaccination of HPV vaccine benefits patients The HPV vaccine is currently the only vaccine proven to prevent one type of cancer
.
In the United States, the prevalence of HPV vaccine is far less than in other high-income countries (UK, Australia)
.
The penetration rate of HPV vaccine in China is also far from enough
.
In addition, oral cancer and throat cancer caused by HPV infection also threaten people's health
.
HPV vaccination will protect this part of the susceptible population and reduce cancer caused by persistent infection of the corresponding high-risk HPV virus
.
▌ Under the epidemic, the possible crisis of cancer diagnosis and treatment Recently, with the outbreak of epidemics in various places, cancer screening may be delayed
.
This could impact the early diagnosis and early intervention of cancer
.
For patients who are receiving anti-tumor treatment, the epidemic is also very likely to delay their treatment and affect the efficacy
.
In special times, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer needs to be optimized according to local conditions
.
