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Editor’s note iNature is China’s largest academic public account.
It is jointly created by a team of doctors from Tsinghua University, Harvard University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units.
The iNature talent public account is now launched, focusing on talent recruitment, academic progress, scientific research information, interested parties can Long press or scan the QR code below to follow us
.
iNature cognitive impairment is an increasingly serious mental health problem, a core feature of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases
.
Especially in industrialized countries, dietary fiber intake has been significantly reduced, but people have little knowledge of the underlying mechanism between low fiber intake and cognitive impairment
.
Emerging research reports that the diversity of the gut microbiota in Western populations has been significantly reduced
.
However, it is not clear whether a diet that lacks fiber (which changes the gut microbiota) can impair cognition and brain function through the gut-brain axis
.
On November 11, 2021, Yu Yinghua, Huang Xufeng and Zheng Kuiyang of Xuzhou Medical University published an online publication titled "A fiber-deprived diet causes cognitive impairment and hippocampal microglia-mediated synaptic loss through the gut microbiota" in Microbiome (IF=15).
and metabolites" research paper, the study used a long-term (15-week) dietary fiber deficiency (FD) mouse model to simulate the continued low fiber intake of humans
.
The study found that FD mice exhibit cognitive impairment, including defects in subject location memory, chronological memory, and the ability to perform activities of daily living
.
The ultrastructure of hippocampal synapse in FD mice is damaged, which is characterized by widening of synaptic cleft and thinning of postsynaptic density
.
Hippocampal proteomics analysis further confirmed the defects of CaMKIId and its related synaptic proteins (including GAP43 and SV2C) in FD mice, as well as neuroinflammation and synaptic microglia phagocytosis
.
FD mice also showed dysregulation of the gut microbiota (decreased Bacteroides and increased Proteobacteria), which was significantly associated with cognitive deficits
.
It is worth noting that rapidly differentiated microbiota changes were observed in mice on a short-term FD diet (7 days) before cognitive impairment, highlighting the possible causal influence of gut microbiota characteristics on cognitive outcomes
.
In addition, the FD diet impairs the intestinal barrier and reduces the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
.
The study applied these findings to SCFA receptor knockout mice and oral SCFA supplements, confirming that SCFA plays a key role in linking altered gut microbiota and cognitive impairment
.
In conclusion, this study reports for the first time that a diet lacking fiber leads to cognitive impairment by altering the gut microbiota-hippocampal axis, which is pathologically different from normal brain aging
.
These findings reminded the adverse effects of dietary fiber deficiency on brain function, and emphasized that increasing fiber intake is a nutritional strategy that can reduce the risk of diet-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases
.
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD, the most common form of dementia), have devastating effects on affected individuals, their families, and health and social care systems
.
Epidemiological evidence suggests that unhealthy diet and life>
.
40% of dementia cases can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors including diet
.
A global dietary survey revealed that most adults’ dietary fiber intake is seriously inadequate
.
For example, the average fiber intake per person in the United States is about 15 grams per day, the United Kingdom is 13.
6 grams per day, and China is 11 grams per day
.
This is significantly lower than the 25-35 g/day fiber intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)
.
However, a strong link has not been established between low dietary fiber intake and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases
.
Dietary fiber is composed of complex carbohydrates and is neither digested nor absorbed, but is fermented in the gastrointestinal tract
.
Therefore, dietary fiber shapes the intestinal microbiota and affects the level of fermentation end products, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
.
Recent evidence shows that the gut microbiota can regulate brain function and behavior through the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis, but its mechanism of action is still poorly understood
.
For example, transplanting microbiota isolated from a high-fat diet donor into other healthy mice can disrupt the intestinal barrier and cause cognitive decline in these animals
.
In sterile mice or rodents treated with antibiotics, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects hippocampal neurogenesis and brain development through microglia activation
.
Emerging research shows that there are interesting interactions between the intestines, brain, and immune system, any of which may disrupt neuroimmune homeostasis and induce neuropathology
.
For example, dementia patients with endotoxemia have increased intestinal permeability, and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS, the main outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria) has increased three-fold
.
As we all know, LPS can activate microglia and trigger neuro-inflammatory response, which is related to the loss of synapses and cognitive decline in human and animal studies
.
However, to date, no studies have examined the effect of a diet lacking fiber on the ultrastructural and proteomic characteristics of synapses
.
Article pattern (picture from Microbiome) This study uses a long-term (15-week) dietary fiber deficiency (FD) mouse model to simulate the continued low fiber intake of humans
.
The study found that FD mice exhibit cognitive impairment, including defects in subject location memory, chronological memory, and the ability to perform activities of daily living
.
The ultrastructure of hippocampal synapse in FD mice is damaged, which is characterized by widening of synaptic cleft and thinning of postsynaptic density
.
Hippocampal proteomics analysis further confirmed the defects of CaMKIId and its related synaptic proteins (including GAP43 and SV2C) in FD mice, as well as neuroinflammation and synaptic microglia phagocytosis
.
FD mice also showed dysregulation of the gut microbiota (decreased Bacteroides and increased Proteobacteria), which was significantly associated with cognitive deficits
.
It is worth noting that rapidly differentiated microbiota changes were observed in mice on a short-term FD diet (7 days) before cognitive impairment, highlighting the possible causal influence of gut microbiota characteristics on cognitive outcomes
.
In addition, the FD diet damages the intestinal barrier and reduces the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
.
The study applied these findings to SCFA receptor knockout mice and oral SCFA supplements, confirming that SCFA plays a key role in linking altered gut microbiota and cognitive impairment
.
In summary, the study reported for the first time that a diet lacking fiber leads to cognitive impairment by changing the gut microbiota-the hippocampal axis, which is pathologically different from normal brain aging
.
These findings reminded the adverse effects of dietary fiber deficiency on brain function, and emphasized that increasing fiber intake is a nutritional strategy that can reduce the risk of diet-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases
.
Reference message: https://microbiomejournal.
biomedcentral.
com/articles/10.
1186/s40168-021-01172-0
It is jointly created by a team of doctors from Tsinghua University, Harvard University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units.
The iNature talent public account is now launched, focusing on talent recruitment, academic progress, scientific research information, interested parties can Long press or scan the QR code below to follow us
.
iNature cognitive impairment is an increasingly serious mental health problem, a core feature of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases
.
Especially in industrialized countries, dietary fiber intake has been significantly reduced, but people have little knowledge of the underlying mechanism between low fiber intake and cognitive impairment
.
Emerging research reports that the diversity of the gut microbiota in Western populations has been significantly reduced
.
However, it is not clear whether a diet that lacks fiber (which changes the gut microbiota) can impair cognition and brain function through the gut-brain axis
.
On November 11, 2021, Yu Yinghua, Huang Xufeng and Zheng Kuiyang of Xuzhou Medical University published an online publication titled "A fiber-deprived diet causes cognitive impairment and hippocampal microglia-mediated synaptic loss through the gut microbiota" in Microbiome (IF=15).
and metabolites" research paper, the study used a long-term (15-week) dietary fiber deficiency (FD) mouse model to simulate the continued low fiber intake of humans
.
The study found that FD mice exhibit cognitive impairment, including defects in subject location memory, chronological memory, and the ability to perform activities of daily living
.
The ultrastructure of hippocampal synapse in FD mice is damaged, which is characterized by widening of synaptic cleft and thinning of postsynaptic density
.
Hippocampal proteomics analysis further confirmed the defects of CaMKIId and its related synaptic proteins (including GAP43 and SV2C) in FD mice, as well as neuroinflammation and synaptic microglia phagocytosis
.
FD mice also showed dysregulation of the gut microbiota (decreased Bacteroides and increased Proteobacteria), which was significantly associated with cognitive deficits
.
It is worth noting that rapidly differentiated microbiota changes were observed in mice on a short-term FD diet (7 days) before cognitive impairment, highlighting the possible causal influence of gut microbiota characteristics on cognitive outcomes
.
In addition, the FD diet impairs the intestinal barrier and reduces the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
.
The study applied these findings to SCFA receptor knockout mice and oral SCFA supplements, confirming that SCFA plays a key role in linking altered gut microbiota and cognitive impairment
.
In conclusion, this study reports for the first time that a diet lacking fiber leads to cognitive impairment by altering the gut microbiota-hippocampal axis, which is pathologically different from normal brain aging
.
These findings reminded the adverse effects of dietary fiber deficiency on brain function, and emphasized that increasing fiber intake is a nutritional strategy that can reduce the risk of diet-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases
.
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD, the most common form of dementia), have devastating effects on affected individuals, their families, and health and social care systems
.
Epidemiological evidence suggests that unhealthy diet and life>
.
40% of dementia cases can be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors including diet
.
A global dietary survey revealed that most adults’ dietary fiber intake is seriously inadequate
.
For example, the average fiber intake per person in the United States is about 15 grams per day, the United Kingdom is 13.
6 grams per day, and China is 11 grams per day
.
This is significantly lower than the 25-35 g/day fiber intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)
.
However, a strong link has not been established between low dietary fiber intake and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases
.
Dietary fiber is composed of complex carbohydrates and is neither digested nor absorbed, but is fermented in the gastrointestinal tract
.
Therefore, dietary fiber shapes the intestinal microbiota and affects the level of fermentation end products, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
.
Recent evidence shows that the gut microbiota can regulate brain function and behavior through the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis, but its mechanism of action is still poorly understood
.
For example, transplanting microbiota isolated from a high-fat diet donor into other healthy mice can disrupt the intestinal barrier and cause cognitive decline in these animals
.
In sterile mice or rodents treated with antibiotics, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects hippocampal neurogenesis and brain development through microglia activation
.
Emerging research shows that there are interesting interactions between the intestines, brain, and immune system, any of which may disrupt neuroimmune homeostasis and induce neuropathology
.
For example, dementia patients with endotoxemia have increased intestinal permeability, and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS, the main outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria) has increased three-fold
.
As we all know, LPS can activate microglia and trigger neuro-inflammatory response, which is related to the loss of synapses and cognitive decline in human and animal studies
.
However, to date, no studies have examined the effect of a diet lacking fiber on the ultrastructural and proteomic characteristics of synapses
.
Article pattern (picture from Microbiome) This study uses a long-term (15-week) dietary fiber deficiency (FD) mouse model to simulate the continued low fiber intake of humans
.
The study found that FD mice exhibit cognitive impairment, including defects in subject location memory, chronological memory, and the ability to perform activities of daily living
.
The ultrastructure of hippocampal synapse in FD mice is damaged, which is characterized by widening of synaptic cleft and thinning of postsynaptic density
.
Hippocampal proteomics analysis further confirmed the defects of CaMKIId and its related synaptic proteins (including GAP43 and SV2C) in FD mice, as well as neuroinflammation and synaptic microglia phagocytosis
.
FD mice also showed dysregulation of the gut microbiota (decreased Bacteroides and increased Proteobacteria), which was significantly associated with cognitive deficits
.
It is worth noting that rapidly differentiated microbiota changes were observed in mice on a short-term FD diet (7 days) before cognitive impairment, highlighting the possible causal influence of gut microbiota characteristics on cognitive outcomes
.
In addition, the FD diet damages the intestinal barrier and reduces the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
.
The study applied these findings to SCFA receptor knockout mice and oral SCFA supplements, confirming that SCFA plays a key role in linking altered gut microbiota and cognitive impairment
.
In summary, the study reported for the first time that a diet lacking fiber leads to cognitive impairment by changing the gut microbiota-the hippocampal axis, which is pathologically different from normal brain aging
.
These findings reminded the adverse effects of dietary fiber deficiency on brain function, and emphasized that increasing fiber intake is a nutritional strategy that can reduce the risk of diet-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases
.
Reference message: https://microbiomejournal.
biomedcentral.
com/articles/10.
1186/s40168-021-01172-0
