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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team Recently, the top academic journal Nature published an important paper on the new crown infection online in the form of "Accelerated Article Preview", which brings us good news.
The research team of Washington University School of Medicine in St.
Louis (WUSTL), after analyzing the patient’s bone marrow samples, proved for the first time that patients with mild new coronary disease still have immune cells in their bodies producing protective immune cells 11 months after infection.
Antibody.
This type of immune cells, long-lived bone marrow plasma cells, can always exist and produce antibodies for the rest of a person's life, bringing a lasting immune response.
“There was a report last fall that the antibodies produced by the new
coronavirus will decay rapidly.
Many people speculate that this means that the immune protection will not last.
” The corresponding author of the study, Dr.
Ali Ellebedy, explained, “But this is based on the data.
Misunderstanding.
After an acute infection, the antibody level drops normally, but it will not drop to zero, but will enter a stable phase.
" Dr.
Ellebedy pointed out: "Our findings in this study are strong evidence of long-term immune protection.
"Image source: 123RF researchers pointed out that to figure out whether COVID-19 will cause long-lasting antibody protection, the key lies in bone marrow.
This is because during infection with the virus, immune cells that produce specific antibodies proliferate rapidly and circulate in the blood-the level of antibodies detected at this time is very high.
However, once the infection is resolved, most of these cells will die, and blood antibody levels will drop.
However, there is a small group of antibody-producing cells, that is, long-lived plasma cells, which migrate to the bone marrow, where they will secrete antibodies for a long time, helping to protect against the same virus again.
So, do mild patients infected with the new coronavirus have such long-lived plasma cells and continue to produce neutralizing antibodies specifically against the new coronavirus? In order to confirm this, the research team recruited 77 patients with mild illness for an 11-month follow-up analysis.
Image source: WuXi AppTec's content team.
These infected individuals will undergo blood tests every three months starting approximately one month after the initial symptoms appear.
As expected, the neutralizing antibody against the new coronavirus S protein in the blood decreased rapidly in the first 4 months after infection; the level gradually decreased in the following 7 months; but in the 11th month after infection, it can still be detected Get these neutralizing antibodies.
At the same time, the researchers performed bone marrow aspiration on 18 of the experimental participants in the 7th to 8th months after infection, and analyzed the cells in the bone marrow samples.
The test results showed that long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) specific to the new coronavirus S protein were found in most of the bone marrow samples (15 people), and the proportion was related to the neutralizing antibody titers of these patients.
Five of the participants also provided a second bone marrow sample after a few months of separation, and the S protein-specific BMPC could still be found again, indicating that these cells are stable.
For comparison, the researchers also obtained bone marrow samples from 11 people who had never been infected with the new coronavirus, and did not find the same BMPC.
"Patients with mild new coronary disease can clear the virus from the body within two or three weeks after infection, so there will be no active immune response caused by the virus within 7 to 11 months after infection.
" Dr.
Ellebedy explained, "These cells There is no division.
They are in a resting state, just staying in the bone marrow to secrete antibodies.
They have been doing this since the end of the infection, and will continue to do so.
"Photo source: A press release from the 123RF Research Institute points out that the new crown is light.
Those who have recovered from the disease can get long-lasting antibody protection, which means that the possibility of recurring COVID-19 symptoms is unlikely.
Researchers speculate that those who are asymptomatically infected may also have long-lasting protection.
The researchers believe that further studies are needed to determine whether infected persons who have experienced more severe symptoms can avoid re-infection.
"Both situations are possible.
" First author Dr.
Jackson Turner said, "In severe COVID-19, inflammation plays a major role.
Excessive inflammation can lead to immune response defects; but on the other hand, the disease is often caused by too much virus in the body.
Many, and a large number of viruses may lead to a good immune response.
"Researchers said that it is necessary to repeat this study in patients with moderate and severe infections in order to understand the answer more precisely.
Another important question that researchers are continuing to study is whether vaccination will also allow us to produce these long-lived immune cells that produce antibodies.
References [1] Jackson S.
Turner et al.
, (2021) SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans.
Nature.
Doi: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021 -03647-4[2] Good news: Mild COVID-19 induces lasting antibody protection.
Retrieved May 25, 2021 from https://medicine.
wustl.
edu/news/good-news-mild-covid-19-induces-lasting -antibody-protection/
The research team of Washington University School of Medicine in St.
Louis (WUSTL), after analyzing the patient’s bone marrow samples, proved for the first time that patients with mild new coronary disease still have immune cells in their bodies producing protective immune cells 11 months after infection.
Antibody.
This type of immune cells, long-lived bone marrow plasma cells, can always exist and produce antibodies for the rest of a person's life, bringing a lasting immune response.
“There was a report last fall that the antibodies produced by the new
coronavirus will decay rapidly.
Many people speculate that this means that the immune protection will not last.
” The corresponding author of the study, Dr.
Ali Ellebedy, explained, “But this is based on the data.
Misunderstanding.
After an acute infection, the antibody level drops normally, but it will not drop to zero, but will enter a stable phase.
" Dr.
Ellebedy pointed out: "Our findings in this study are strong evidence of long-term immune protection.
"Image source: 123RF researchers pointed out that to figure out whether COVID-19 will cause long-lasting antibody protection, the key lies in bone marrow.
This is because during infection with the virus, immune cells that produce specific antibodies proliferate rapidly and circulate in the blood-the level of antibodies detected at this time is very high.
However, once the infection is resolved, most of these cells will die, and blood antibody levels will drop.
However, there is a small group of antibody-producing cells, that is, long-lived plasma cells, which migrate to the bone marrow, where they will secrete antibodies for a long time, helping to protect against the same virus again.
So, do mild patients infected with the new coronavirus have such long-lived plasma cells and continue to produce neutralizing antibodies specifically against the new coronavirus? In order to confirm this, the research team recruited 77 patients with mild illness for an 11-month follow-up analysis.
Image source: WuXi AppTec's content team.
These infected individuals will undergo blood tests every three months starting approximately one month after the initial symptoms appear.
As expected, the neutralizing antibody against the new coronavirus S protein in the blood decreased rapidly in the first 4 months after infection; the level gradually decreased in the following 7 months; but in the 11th month after infection, it can still be detected Get these neutralizing antibodies.
At the same time, the researchers performed bone marrow aspiration on 18 of the experimental participants in the 7th to 8th months after infection, and analyzed the cells in the bone marrow samples.
The test results showed that long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) specific to the new coronavirus S protein were found in most of the bone marrow samples (15 people), and the proportion was related to the neutralizing antibody titers of these patients.
Five of the participants also provided a second bone marrow sample after a few months of separation, and the S protein-specific BMPC could still be found again, indicating that these cells are stable.
For comparison, the researchers also obtained bone marrow samples from 11 people who had never been infected with the new coronavirus, and did not find the same BMPC.
"Patients with mild new coronary disease can clear the virus from the body within two or three weeks after infection, so there will be no active immune response caused by the virus within 7 to 11 months after infection.
" Dr.
Ellebedy explained, "These cells There is no division.
They are in a resting state, just staying in the bone marrow to secrete antibodies.
They have been doing this since the end of the infection, and will continue to do so.
"Photo source: A press release from the 123RF Research Institute points out that the new crown is light.
Those who have recovered from the disease can get long-lasting antibody protection, which means that the possibility of recurring COVID-19 symptoms is unlikely.
Researchers speculate that those who are asymptomatically infected may also have long-lasting protection.
The researchers believe that further studies are needed to determine whether infected persons who have experienced more severe symptoms can avoid re-infection.
"Both situations are possible.
" First author Dr.
Jackson Turner said, "In severe COVID-19, inflammation plays a major role.
Excessive inflammation can lead to immune response defects; but on the other hand, the disease is often caused by too much virus in the body.
Many, and a large number of viruses may lead to a good immune response.
"Researchers said that it is necessary to repeat this study in patients with moderate and severe infections in order to understand the answer more precisely.
Another important question that researchers are continuing to study is whether vaccination will also allow us to produce these long-lived immune cells that produce antibodies.
References [1] Jackson S.
Turner et al.
, (2021) SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans.
Nature.
Doi: https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021 -03647-4[2] Good news: Mild COVID-19 induces lasting antibody protection.
Retrieved May 25, 2021 from https://medicine.
wustl.
edu/news/good-news-mild-covid-19-induces-lasting -antibody-protection/
