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On November 11, the international journal Nature Communications published online the title Repeated out-of-Africa expansions of Helicobacter pylori driven by replacement of deleterious mutations by Daniel Falush, a team of researchers at the Shanghai Pasteur Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences The research paper reports the unique evolutionary history
of researchers discovering that new H.
pylori African lineages "go out of Africa" and gradually replace local lineages in Europe and the Middle East.
The study confirms that the accumulation of harmful mutations caused by the "bottleneck effect" in the process of "going out of Africa" is responsible
for subsequent migration and the replacement of local lineages in other regions.
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that parasitizes the human stomach and is one of the bacteria with the highest infection rate in the world, with an infection rate of more than 50%
in China.
Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, also significantly increases the risk of gastric cancer, and has been included in the "carcinogen list"
in the United States.
Previous studies have generally suggested that Helicobacter pylori has a very similar evolutionary history to its host humans, having spread around the world
50,000 years ago through an "out of Africa" event between human ancestors.
Legend: Ancestral ancestry of Helicobacter pylori hpEurope strain
The study analyzed Helicobacter pylori genome sequences from Africa, Europe and Asia and found at least three separate "out of Africa" events
.
The results also showed that Eurasian strains accumulated more nonsynonymous mutations than African strains at similar levels of genetic diversity, demonstrating that initial migration out of Africa had a large impact
on bacterial fitness.
The lack of ancestry in the European strain, which is a heterozygous, suggests that this part of the lineage is replaced
during subsequent gene fusion.
These findings suggest that although Helicobacter pylori relies on human transmission, its DNA differs
from human DNA transmission patterns.
The study also demonstrated that important population events, such as "out of Africa", greatly affect bacterial fitness and patterns
of change in population dynamics.
Harry A.
Thorpe from the University of Oslo is the first author of the paper, and Daniel Falux, a researcher at the Shanghai Pasteur Institute, is the corresponding author
of the paper.
The research was supported
by major projects such as the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project.
Original link:
