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On April 20, 2021, a 25-year follow-up study published in the journal Nature Communications found that sleeping less than 6 hours is associated with a one-third increase in the risk of dementia.
Association of sleep duration in middle and old age with incidence of dementia.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-021-22354-2 In this study, experts from the University of Paris in France and the University of London in the United Kingdom took advantage of 30 The data from the Whitehall II cohort study in 2015 aimed to study the relationship between sleep time at the age of 50, 60 and 70 and the occurrence of dementia, and to further explore whether the pattern of changes in sleep time during this period is related to dementia.
Given that self-reported sleep time may be biased, the researchers examined the relationship between objectively assessed sleep time and the risk of dementia in a subsample of the cohort.
This figure represents the sample selection for sleep time analysis at the age of 50, 60, and 70, as well as the sample selection for sleep trajectory analysis.
In this study, a total of 7959 participants underwent a 25-year follow-up, of which 521 were finally diagnosed as dementia.
The results of the study found that compared with normal (7 hours) sleep time, participants who slept for less than 6 hours at the age of 50, 60, and 70 had an increased risk of dementia in old age by 22%, 37%, and 24% (HR = 1.
22) ;HR=1.
37,;HR=1.
24).
It was further found that compared with 7 hours of sleep, sleep time> 8 hours per night has nothing to do with the risk of dementia.
Compared with people who continue normal sleep time, sustained short sleep time is also associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR=1.
30).The relationship between objectively assessed sleep time and dementia events, the researchers also pointed out that the correlation between sleep time and dementia has nothing to do with sociodemographic, behavioral, cardiometabolic and mental health factors.
These findings indicate that short sleep time in middle age is associated with an increased risk of late-onset dementia, and has nothing to do with sociodemographic, behavioral, cardiometabolic and mental health factors.
Why less sleep is more likely to cause dementia? Why does sleep have such a big impact on cognitive ability? And why do humans spend a third of their time sleeping? Some scientists speculate that sleep may have a restorative function, which promotes the elimination of metabolic waste from the brain.
Using a two-photon microscope, scientists found that sleep increased the volume fraction of the interstitium of the brain by 60%, which increased the clearance of amyloid-β in the cerebral cortex by a factor of two.
These observations echo reports of sleep interruptions in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-AD patients have the accumulation of two hallmark proteins in their brains-amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau protein.
Severe sleep disorders are also accompanied by traumatic brain injury.
The burden of tau and Aβ in the brain of patients increases, and the risk of AD is increased.
It was previously demonstrated in a mouse AD model that after acute sleep deprivation, the brain levels of Aβ (a metabolic byproduct of neuronal activity) increase, and chronic sleep deprivation increases the formation of Aβ.
However, it has never been demonstrated in the body whether sleep or sleep deprivation affects the removal of "trash" from the human brain.
To this end, experts from the Brain Science Research Center of the University of Oslo in Norway have carried out relevant research to study whether complete sleep deprivation affects the removal of "trash" from the human brain and whether subsequent sleep will accelerate the removal rate.
The results were published in the journal Brain on March 23, 2021.
Sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brainhttps://doi.
org/10.
1093/brain/awaa443 The researchers injected the subject with an intrathecal contrast agent (gadolinium, 0.
5ml, 1mmol/ml) as a tracer molecule, Multiphase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with standardized T1 sequence was performed.
Using FreeSurfer software, the concentration of tracer in 85 brain regions was quantified as the percentage change of normalized T1 signal from baseline.
The enrichment of brain tracers was compared between the two groups; one group (n = 7) received complete sleep deprivation from day 1 to day 2 (sleep deprivation group), and age and gender matched The control group (n = 17; sleep group) was allowed to sleep freely from day 1 to day 2.
From day 2 to day 3, all people were allowed to sleep freely.
In vivo brain imaging shows that complete sleep deprivation overnight reduces molecular clearance in the human brain.
The image shows the enriched color scale of the tracer in the brain tissue.
Compared with the sleep group, the tracer level in the brain tissue is higher after sleep deprivation.
The red generation indicates the area with the highest tracer level.
In particular, the clearance of tracers after sleep deprivation is most affected in the frontal, temporal, parietal and cingulate cortex areas.
The percentage change trend chart of the signal unit ratio in different regions, indicating the enrichment of tracers in brain tissue, including (A) CSF space at the cranio-neck junction, (B) cerebral cortex (gray matter) sleep deprivation group (red) and Sleep group (blue) tracer enrichment in brain white matter tissue, sleep deprivation group (red) and sleep group (blue) although there is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space between each group (A) The level of tracer was similar, but after 24 hours (that is, after sleep intervention) and 48 hours (both groups were allowed to sleep freely within 24 to 48 hours), the sleep deprivation group and the sleep group were in the cerebral cortex gray matter (B) and There are significant differences in white matter (C).
One night’s total sleep deprivation reduced the clearance of the tracer from the brain and continued even after another night’s sleep.
In general, the concentration of tracers in the brains of the two groups was similar.
One night’s sleep deprivation impairs the removal of tracer substances in most brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, white matter, and limbic system.
In addition, the impaired brain clearance function in the sleep deprivation group was not compensated by subsequent sleep on the second to third day.
This study provides the first vivo evidence that sleep deprivation can impair the human brain's "junk" removal function, and that supplementary sleep does not accelerate the compensation and removal ability.
So, don't stay up late, protect your brain from now on, it's not too late.
Author | Jessica/Dr.
neuro editor | Jessica authorized to reprint and break the news, please contact Metz Medical Administrator MedSci (WeChat ID: medsci_m), heavy medical research, cutting-edge medical information you want to know, submit your paper here: cheng .
zhu@medsci.
cn Note: If you want to watch the real-world conference replay, please enter the keyword "real replay" in the official account input box.
Association of sleep duration in middle and old age with incidence of dementia.
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-021-22354-2 In this study, experts from the University of Paris in France and the University of London in the United Kingdom took advantage of 30 The data from the Whitehall II cohort study in 2015 aimed to study the relationship between sleep time at the age of 50, 60 and 70 and the occurrence of dementia, and to further explore whether the pattern of changes in sleep time during this period is related to dementia.
Given that self-reported sleep time may be biased, the researchers examined the relationship between objectively assessed sleep time and the risk of dementia in a subsample of the cohort.
This figure represents the sample selection for sleep time analysis at the age of 50, 60, and 70, as well as the sample selection for sleep trajectory analysis.
In this study, a total of 7959 participants underwent a 25-year follow-up, of which 521 were finally diagnosed as dementia.
The results of the study found that compared with normal (7 hours) sleep time, participants who slept for less than 6 hours at the age of 50, 60, and 70 had an increased risk of dementia in old age by 22%, 37%, and 24% (HR = 1.
22) ;HR=1.
37,;HR=1.
24).
It was further found that compared with 7 hours of sleep, sleep time> 8 hours per night has nothing to do with the risk of dementia.
Compared with people who continue normal sleep time, sustained short sleep time is also associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR=1.
30).The relationship between objectively assessed sleep time and dementia events, the researchers also pointed out that the correlation between sleep time and dementia has nothing to do with sociodemographic, behavioral, cardiometabolic and mental health factors.
These findings indicate that short sleep time in middle age is associated with an increased risk of late-onset dementia, and has nothing to do with sociodemographic, behavioral, cardiometabolic and mental health factors.
Why less sleep is more likely to cause dementia? Why does sleep have such a big impact on cognitive ability? And why do humans spend a third of their time sleeping? Some scientists speculate that sleep may have a restorative function, which promotes the elimination of metabolic waste from the brain.
Using a two-photon microscope, scientists found that sleep increased the volume fraction of the interstitium of the brain by 60%, which increased the clearance of amyloid-β in the cerebral cortex by a factor of two.
These observations echo reports of sleep interruptions in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-AD patients have the accumulation of two hallmark proteins in their brains-amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau protein.
Severe sleep disorders are also accompanied by traumatic brain injury.
The burden of tau and Aβ in the brain of patients increases, and the risk of AD is increased.
It was previously demonstrated in a mouse AD model that after acute sleep deprivation, the brain levels of Aβ (a metabolic byproduct of neuronal activity) increase, and chronic sleep deprivation increases the formation of Aβ.
However, it has never been demonstrated in the body whether sleep or sleep deprivation affects the removal of "trash" from the human brain.
To this end, experts from the Brain Science Research Center of the University of Oslo in Norway have carried out relevant research to study whether complete sleep deprivation affects the removal of "trash" from the human brain and whether subsequent sleep will accelerate the removal rate.
The results were published in the journal Brain on March 23, 2021.
Sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brainhttps://doi.
org/10.
1093/brain/awaa443 The researchers injected the subject with an intrathecal contrast agent (gadolinium, 0.
5ml, 1mmol/ml) as a tracer molecule, Multiphase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with standardized T1 sequence was performed.
Using FreeSurfer software, the concentration of tracer in 85 brain regions was quantified as the percentage change of normalized T1 signal from baseline.
The enrichment of brain tracers was compared between the two groups; one group (n = 7) received complete sleep deprivation from day 1 to day 2 (sleep deprivation group), and age and gender matched The control group (n = 17; sleep group) was allowed to sleep freely from day 1 to day 2.
From day 2 to day 3, all people were allowed to sleep freely.
In vivo brain imaging shows that complete sleep deprivation overnight reduces molecular clearance in the human brain.
The image shows the enriched color scale of the tracer in the brain tissue.
Compared with the sleep group, the tracer level in the brain tissue is higher after sleep deprivation.
The red generation indicates the area with the highest tracer level.
In particular, the clearance of tracers after sleep deprivation is most affected in the frontal, temporal, parietal and cingulate cortex areas.
The percentage change trend chart of the signal unit ratio in different regions, indicating the enrichment of tracers in brain tissue, including (A) CSF space at the cranio-neck junction, (B) cerebral cortex (gray matter) sleep deprivation group (red) and Sleep group (blue) tracer enrichment in brain white matter tissue, sleep deprivation group (red) and sleep group (blue) although there is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space between each group (A) The level of tracer was similar, but after 24 hours (that is, after sleep intervention) and 48 hours (both groups were allowed to sleep freely within 24 to 48 hours), the sleep deprivation group and the sleep group were in the cerebral cortex gray matter (B) and There are significant differences in white matter (C).
One night’s total sleep deprivation reduced the clearance of the tracer from the brain and continued even after another night’s sleep.
In general, the concentration of tracers in the brains of the two groups was similar.
One night’s sleep deprivation impairs the removal of tracer substances in most brain areas, including the cerebral cortex, white matter, and limbic system.
In addition, the impaired brain clearance function in the sleep deprivation group was not compensated by subsequent sleep on the second to third day.
This study provides the first vivo evidence that sleep deprivation can impair the human brain's "junk" removal function, and that supplementary sleep does not accelerate the compensation and removal ability.
So, don't stay up late, protect your brain from now on, it's not too late.
Author | Jessica/Dr.
neuro editor | Jessica authorized to reprint and break the news, please contact Metz Medical Administrator MedSci (WeChat ID: medsci_m), heavy medical research, cutting-edge medical information you want to know, submit your paper here: cheng .
zhu@medsci.
cn Note: If you want to watch the real-world conference replay, please enter the keyword "real replay" in the official account input box.
