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    Home > Biochemistry News > Microbiology News > [Nature Sub-Journal] How do microorganisms choose from the "menu" of food?

    [Nature Sub-Journal] How do microorganisms choose from the "menu" of food?

    • Last Update: 2021-12-02
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    This article is the original translational medicine network, please indicate the source for reprinting.
    Author: Ashley Guide: Many microorganisms are secondary growth, they only consume one available food resource at a time, not at the same time
    .

    The characteristics of secondary growth microbial communities are still poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of theories and models for such communities
    .

    Recently, scientists have developed and studied the smallest model of secondary growth microbial communities assembled in serially diluted cultures
    .

    The research provides testable predictions for the assembly of natural and synthetic communities of secondary growth microorganisms
    .

    Microbial communities usually contain several coexisting species, even if they have similar metabolic capabilities
    .

    How they did this is unclear
    .

    Researchers have now developed a model that shows that if these species have complementary preferences for what they consume, they can coexist more easily
    .

    Many microorganisms are secondary growth-they only consume one kind of available food resource at a time, not at the same time
    .

    Each species has a specific order of preference, from the most preferred to the least preferred
    .

    The important thing is that this list is different in different microorganisms
    .

    Interestingly, sugars like glucose should be generally valued, but some microorganisms do not like it, which allows them to choose different foods from the same menu
    .

    Sergei Maslov, a professor of bioengineering and a scholar at Bliss College, said: "Although secondary growth was discovered in the 1940s, people haven't paid much attention to it from a modeling perspective
    .

    We have this incredible Microbial ecosystem zoos are everywhere, and people are trying to understand what makes different species coexist
    .

    We want to understand the basic assembly principles of secondary growth communities
    .

    "An article entitled "Complementary resource preferences" was published in the journal Nature Communications .
    Spontaneously emerge in diauxic microbial communities" paper
    .

    The researchers simulated the assembly of microbial communities in a serial dilution culture.
    Before re-dilution, the bacteria were allowed to grow on a fresh batch of nutrients for a period of time
    .

    Maslov said: “Serial dilution experiments are the simplest experiments in the laboratory.
    They represent prosperity and depression in nature
    .

    For example, in the intestines, you may have a batch of fresh nutrients, which are used by microorganisms until They eat up their food
    .

    At the end of each boom cycle, there will be a depression cycle represented by dilution
    .

    " "There is a predetermined list of preferences in the DNA of each species
    .

    Our hypothesis and experiments support the difference The order of nutrient consumption of species is different
    .

    Some choose glucose as the first choice, while others choose lactose
    .

    We are studying the interaction between nutrient diversity and microbial preferences.

    .

    "In this model, the researchers first assume that a species can grow on four food resources
    .

    It first grows on its favorite resource until it is exhausted, and then switches to the next resource
    .

    After all resources are exhausted, A small number of bacteria were transferred to a new batch of resources, resulting in serial dilution
    .

    After this point, a second species was randomly selected, and the researchers simulated the resulting competition and resource consumption
    .

    This process will continue until Other species in the random pool cannot invade the community
    .

    In many such simulations, the microorganisms in the final community often have complementary resource preferences, that is, their first choices are different
    .

    Although one might guess that the first choice of microorganisms is its growth The fastest place, but the model has no such assumptions
    .

    Akshit Goyal, a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a collaborator in the Maslov Lab, said: “Experiments show that there is no clear distinction between what you like and how fast you grow on it.
    Relationship
    .

    However, the assembled microbial community is almost entirely composed of the fastest growing microbes on their top nutrients
    .

    "The researchers used a large number of randomly generated bacteria in their model
    .

    Therefore, they are looking for patterns that do not depend on the identity of the bacteria
    .

    " In, you can capture your species, view their list of preferences and growth rates for different nutrients, and predict the results of experiments
    .

    Even without simulation, you can predict whether a species will survive in a specific group
    .

    "This work does not include other growth factors that may affect the growth of microorganisms
    .

    " said Zihan Wang, a PhD student in Maslov's laboratory: "In our model, we did not consider cross-feeding, that is, a kind of bacteria produces products that other bacteria can use
    .

    We assume that all species can only use the initial resources
    .

    "Researchers plan to incorporate cross-feeding into future research to understand how it shapes microbial communities
    .
    "
    Maslov said: "We are very interested in applying this model to a real microbial ecosystem.
    We have already started another project to see What happens in the actual serial dilution experiment
    .

    It is very easy to make a large and complex model
    .

    Our philosophy is to add one attribute at a time, such as secondary or cross feeding, and understand what is happening at each step
    .

    This way you can gradually better understand complex, real-world systems
    .

    "Reference material: https://phys.
    org/news/2021-11-microbes-menu-food.
    html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment plans
    .

    If you need health guidance, please go to the formal Visit the hospital
    .

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