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Mention the three words "AIDS", I believe everyone is familiar with it.
December 1 this year is the 34th "World AIDS Day" with the theme of "Life First, End AIDS, Health Equality"
.
AIDS is also called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
It is caused by HIV infection.
It is a serious public health problem facing the world today
.
According to the official website of the World Health Organization, there will be 37.
7 million people living with HIV globally in 2020, 1.
5 million people will be newly infected with HIV, and 680,000 people will die from HIV-related causes
.
AIDS is often closely related to sex and drugs.
There is no vaccine to prevent it, which leads people to be extremely taboo and fearful of it
.
An article of research progress published in Nature Medicine on December 9th brings hope to the development of mRNA vaccines to overcome HIV
.
This research was led by Dr.
Paolo Lusso of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Other NIAID scientists, mRNA giant Moderna and researchers from other institutions collaborated together
.
Source: Nature Medicine research results show that compared with the unvaccinated control group, rhesus monkeys that were initially vaccinated and vaccinated with booster shots have a lower probability of infection with Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) 79%
.
In addition, the new mRNA vaccine is highly safe, and can simultaneously activate humoral immunity and cellular immunity for epidemic prevention
.
The principle of the new HIV vaccine is similar to that of the mRNA new crown vaccine
.
The researchers encapsulated Env (equivalent to the S protein of SARS-CoV-2) and the group-specific antigen protein Gag, which encodes the key HIV protein envelope glycoprotein, in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to produce virus-like particles in the body (VLP)
.
VLP lacks infectious genetic material, but it is equivalent to HIV in terms of inducing an immune response
.
Three representative mRNA-expressing Env-Gag VLP researchers tested on rhesus monkeys, and then evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the env-gag mRNA vaccine that produces VLP in rhesus monkeys.
1 Env's live SHIV challenge
.
A total of 14 naive female rhesus monkeys (7 vaccinators and 7 controls) were recruited, and the vaccinated animals received four env mRNAs from three different HIV-1 clades
.
The results showed that despite multiple immunizations with high mRNA doses, the vaccine was well tolerated, with only minor adverse events after each vaccination
.
The researchers first evaluated the priming of neutralizing antibodies
.
As early as 2 weeks after the second autoimmunization (week 13), low titers of autoneutralizing antibodies can be detected, but the time is very short
.
Except for the higher neutralization potency in the first subgroup at week 27 and the greater reduction in the neutralization effect of the V3 cyclic peptide in the same subgroup at week 37, no observations were made between the animals in the first and second subgroups Significant difference to self-neutralization
.
These results indicate that the protein boost may induce a slightly higher V3-specific antibody response
.
Induction of neutralizing antibodies in immunized rhesus monkeys over time Next, test virus-specific T cell responses against the two viral antigens expressed by the vaccine (ie HIV-1 Env and SIV Gag) at two time points: 27 weeks after the completion of the autologous phase And the 60th week
.
The multifunctional Env-specific CD4+ T cell response was already detectable at the 27th week, but it was significantly enhanced in all animals at the 60th week
.
It is worth noting that the versatility of CD4+ T cells increased significantly at the 60th week.
Nearly 50% of the responding cells co-express three or more cytokines, which is consistent with the strong T cell helper activity that triggers antibody production
.
In contrast, SIV Gag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were not detectable at week 27 and week 60
.
Induction of Env-specific T cell responses in immunized macaques, the main researcher, Dr.
Lusso, said that Env translated from mRNA is very similar to Env in natural HIV, and the VLP used in the experiment can display multiple HIV envelope proteins, which is induced by vaccines.
The immune response process is very similar to the natural infection process
.
In addition, mRNA can continue to be expressed several days after administration to provide continuous immune stimulation
.
Another advantage of the new mRNA vaccine is that VLP can better bind to antigen-presenting cells, ensure delivery of mRNA to appropriate cells, and induce follicular helper T cells to promote the formation of germinal centers
.
In general, the env-gag VLP mRNA platform provides a promising method for the development of preventive HIV-1 vaccines
.
In terms of the challenges, costs and time required for the production of immunogens in human clinical trials, after several consecutive viral attacks, the vaccine can still reduce the risk of each infection by 79%.
Therefore, the use of mRNA as a carrier may be better than Immunization with exogenous protein has a significant advantage
.
Nevertheless, the research results still require a large number of additional preclinical and clinical trials to further confirm the reliability of the results, and it is expected that the anti-"AIDS" vaccine will appear in the public eye as soon as possible
.
End reference materials: [1]https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41591-021-01574-5[2]https://mp.
weixin.
qq.
com/s/rahN784ztvKjYqkEjkZR7w clever! Nature: "Athlete's blood" can resurrect sedentary mice with blood! Sub-Journal of Rewen Nature: The age of human death may be calculated, the greater the pressure, the faster the aging process.
Nature sub-published two articles in a row: Cancer cells "dormant" for several years, or the key factors that lead to cancer metastasis/recurrence.
Hot article "Nature" released "Top Ten People of 2021"! The chief designer of China's "Tianwen No.
1" and the tracker of the new crown virus variants are all on the list.
Be alert! Cell Reports: Potential star anti-cancer targets may promote cancer? Does this target have a future? Medical immunotherapy| Biosimilars| Vaccines| Drug resistance| Drug targets| Healthy life| Pharmaceutical company news| Drug inventory| Pharmaceutical technology| Basic research on side effects of drugs/ Translational medicine leukemia| Lung cancer| Gastric cancer| Colorectal cancer| Liver cancer| Breast Cancer | Pancreatic Cancer | Cardiovascular Diseases | Neurodegenerative Diseases | Intestinal Microbial Medical Devices / Biotechnology In Vitro Diagnosis | Medical Devices | Bio-Nano | 3D Printing | Gene Testing | Single Cell Sequencing | Gene Editing | Assisted Reproduction | Artificial Intelligence | Precision medicine policy anti-cancer drugs | 4+7 volume procurement | Consumables | Filing system | Registrant system | Healthy China | New edition of basic medicine catalog | AI medical equipment | Telemedicine | Same-share market with different rights/capital IPO | Financing | Cooperation | Funds | Hong Kong Stock Exchange | Science and Technology Innovation Board | Growth Enterprise Market | R & D Investment | Acquisitions | Market & Consumption
December 1 this year is the 34th "World AIDS Day" with the theme of "Life First, End AIDS, Health Equality"
.
AIDS is also called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
It is caused by HIV infection.
It is a serious public health problem facing the world today
.
According to the official website of the World Health Organization, there will be 37.
7 million people living with HIV globally in 2020, 1.
5 million people will be newly infected with HIV, and 680,000 people will die from HIV-related causes
.
AIDS is often closely related to sex and drugs.
There is no vaccine to prevent it, which leads people to be extremely taboo and fearful of it
.
An article of research progress published in Nature Medicine on December 9th brings hope to the development of mRNA vaccines to overcome HIV
.
This research was led by Dr.
Paolo Lusso of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Other NIAID scientists, mRNA giant Moderna and researchers from other institutions collaborated together
.
Source: Nature Medicine research results show that compared with the unvaccinated control group, rhesus monkeys that were initially vaccinated and vaccinated with booster shots have a lower probability of infection with Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) 79%
.
In addition, the new mRNA vaccine is highly safe, and can simultaneously activate humoral immunity and cellular immunity for epidemic prevention
.
The principle of the new HIV vaccine is similar to that of the mRNA new crown vaccine
.
The researchers encapsulated Env (equivalent to the S protein of SARS-CoV-2) and the group-specific antigen protein Gag, which encodes the key HIV protein envelope glycoprotein, in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to produce virus-like particles in the body (VLP)
.
VLP lacks infectious genetic material, but it is equivalent to HIV in terms of inducing an immune response
.
Three representative mRNA-expressing Env-Gag VLP researchers tested on rhesus monkeys, and then evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the env-gag mRNA vaccine that produces VLP in rhesus monkeys.
1 Env's live SHIV challenge
.
A total of 14 naive female rhesus monkeys (7 vaccinators and 7 controls) were recruited, and the vaccinated animals received four env mRNAs from three different HIV-1 clades
.
The results showed that despite multiple immunizations with high mRNA doses, the vaccine was well tolerated, with only minor adverse events after each vaccination
.
The researchers first evaluated the priming of neutralizing antibodies
.
As early as 2 weeks after the second autoimmunization (week 13), low titers of autoneutralizing antibodies can be detected, but the time is very short
.
Except for the higher neutralization potency in the first subgroup at week 27 and the greater reduction in the neutralization effect of the V3 cyclic peptide in the same subgroup at week 37, no observations were made between the animals in the first and second subgroups Significant difference to self-neutralization
.
These results indicate that the protein boost may induce a slightly higher V3-specific antibody response
.
Induction of neutralizing antibodies in immunized rhesus monkeys over time Next, test virus-specific T cell responses against the two viral antigens expressed by the vaccine (ie HIV-1 Env and SIV Gag) at two time points: 27 weeks after the completion of the autologous phase And the 60th week
.
The multifunctional Env-specific CD4+ T cell response was already detectable at the 27th week, but it was significantly enhanced in all animals at the 60th week
.
It is worth noting that the versatility of CD4+ T cells increased significantly at the 60th week.
Nearly 50% of the responding cells co-express three or more cytokines, which is consistent with the strong T cell helper activity that triggers antibody production
.
In contrast, SIV Gag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were not detectable at week 27 and week 60
.
Induction of Env-specific T cell responses in immunized macaques, the main researcher, Dr.
Lusso, said that Env translated from mRNA is very similar to Env in natural HIV, and the VLP used in the experiment can display multiple HIV envelope proteins, which is induced by vaccines.
The immune response process is very similar to the natural infection process
.
In addition, mRNA can continue to be expressed several days after administration to provide continuous immune stimulation
.
Another advantage of the new mRNA vaccine is that VLP can better bind to antigen-presenting cells, ensure delivery of mRNA to appropriate cells, and induce follicular helper T cells to promote the formation of germinal centers
.
In general, the env-gag VLP mRNA platform provides a promising method for the development of preventive HIV-1 vaccines
.
In terms of the challenges, costs and time required for the production of immunogens in human clinical trials, after several consecutive viral attacks, the vaccine can still reduce the risk of each infection by 79%.
Therefore, the use of mRNA as a carrier may be better than Immunization with exogenous protein has a significant advantage
.
Nevertheless, the research results still require a large number of additional preclinical and clinical trials to further confirm the reliability of the results, and it is expected that the anti-"AIDS" vaccine will appear in the public eye as soon as possible
.
End reference materials: [1]https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41591-021-01574-5[2]https://mp.
weixin.
qq.
com/s/rahN784ztvKjYqkEjkZR7w clever! Nature: "Athlete's blood" can resurrect sedentary mice with blood! Sub-Journal of Rewen Nature: The age of human death may be calculated, the greater the pressure, the faster the aging process.
Nature sub-published two articles in a row: Cancer cells "dormant" for several years, or the key factors that lead to cancer metastasis/recurrence.
Hot article "Nature" released "Top Ten People of 2021"! The chief designer of China's "Tianwen No.
1" and the tracker of the new crown virus variants are all on the list.
Be alert! Cell Reports: Potential star anti-cancer targets may promote cancer? Does this target have a future? Medical immunotherapy| Biosimilars| Vaccines| Drug resistance| Drug targets| Healthy life| Pharmaceutical company news| Drug inventory| Pharmaceutical technology| Basic research on side effects of drugs/ Translational medicine leukemia| Lung cancer| Gastric cancer| Colorectal cancer| Liver cancer| Breast Cancer | Pancreatic Cancer | Cardiovascular Diseases | Neurodegenerative Diseases | Intestinal Microbial Medical Devices / Biotechnology In Vitro Diagnosis | Medical Devices | Bio-Nano | 3D Printing | Gene Testing | Single Cell Sequencing | Gene Editing | Assisted Reproduction | Artificial Intelligence | Precision medicine policy anti-cancer drugs | 4+7 volume procurement | Consumables | Filing system | Registrant system | Healthy China | New edition of basic medicine catalog | AI medical equipment | Telemedicine | Same-share market with different rights/capital IPO | Financing | Cooperation | Funds | Hong Kong Stock Exchange | Science and Technology Innovation Board | Growth Enterprise Market | R & D Investment | Acquisitions | Market & Consumption
