New New Year's Work! Mass spectrometry-assisted worm infection immune cell map study

More than 60 per cent of the world's population is at risk of worm infectionIt is estimated that soil-borne worms alone infect more than 1.5 billion people, or 24 per cent of the populationAnd most people can sustain chronic infections for up to 20 yearsTherefore, a more comprehensive and systematic explanation of the immune cell in worm infection regulation mechanism is essential for the prevention and treatment of worm diseaseThere have been a number of studies that show that worms can cause the reaction regulation of type 2 immune cells (ILC2) in mice, but the low expression of ILC2 cells in human peripheral blood makes the study of human type 2 immunomodulation caused by worms some challenges2020, professor Maria Yazdanbakhsh of Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands published an article entitled "Helminth infections drive heterogeneity in human type 2 and regulatory cells" at Science Translational MedicineUsing multi-channel detection and multi-dimensional bio-letter analysis of mass spectrometry cell technology, the paper conducted a comprehensive test and in-depth analysis of the immune subgroups and functions of the peripheral blood including ILC2, including the European (EU), uninfected Indonesian population (ID urban) and the infected Indonesian population (ID rural) before and after treatmentThe findings provide a new strategy for more sophisticated disease interventions targeting these cellsfirst, the researchers analyzed HSNE cluster data on peripheral blood mass spectrometry in the EU and the ID rural population before and after infection treatmentThe comprehensive data show that immune cells are divided into CD4 plus, CD8 plus, TCR, B cells, ILCs and myelin cells 6 subgroups, and these 6 subgroup cell phenotypes and functions are heterogeneous (Fig.1), indicating that There is a significant difference between Europeans and worm-infected Indonesians in inherent and adaptive immune function characteristicsthe immune characteristics of Fig.1 EU and ID ruralsubsequently, the researchers analyzed that worm infections increased the proportion of TH2 CD4 plus cells (Fig.2 A-B)Further clustering of TH2 cells was analyzed to obtain 22 cell subgroups (Fig.2 C), which were able to express or not express CD7 and KLRG1 in reverse, presumably that worm infection sedated the effect cells in a terminal state and caused CD161 plus cells to transitionIn addition, ID post was able to produce more CD7-TH2 cells that expressed gATA3 and CRHT2, and it was assumed that worm infection reduced the production of type 2 immunofactor cells (Fig.2 D)Effects of Fig.2 Worm Infection on TH2CD4-Plus Cells
Analysis of THE clusters of ILCs cells found that the proportion of ILC2 (CD127-C161-CRTH2-plus) cells in ID post immune cells was significantly higher than that of EU (Fig.3 A), and that the worm also infected the percentage of KL1-CCR6-ILC2 (5) in the ILC2 subgroup (5) Treg plays an important role in the worm infection-specific immune response as a functional subgroup within inhibitory T cellsThe study found that the proportion of CTLA-4-Treg and CD161-Treg cells in ID pre was higher than that of EU, and the ratio decreased after treatment (Fig.3 C-D) Worm infection can also stimulate the expression (Fig.3 E) of CTLA-4-HLA-DR-CD38-ICOS-Treg cells, indicating that the subgroup is closely related to the immune response after the worm infection Effects of Fig.3 worm infection on ILCs and Treg cells
further studies further found that immune-type cytokines (IL-4/IL-5/IL-13-plus) cells were mainly expressed in CD8 plus, CD4 plus, ILC2 cells, and TCR-Sym cells (Fig.4 A) In addition, immuno2 cytokines account edaddest in the ID pre group, suggesting that worm infections stimulate more immune cells to produce cytokines One year after treatment, the proportion decreased (Fig 4B), mainly due to a decrease in the number of CD4 plus, ILC2, and CD8 plus cells In addition, the study found that the CD8 plus cells il-4/5/13-cell/CD8-and-2 immunocytokin subgroup (TC2) CD45RO-CCR7-CD161-CD56 CD-T-Cells were linearly correlated (r-0.87) (Fig.4 C) Fig.4 worm infection affects immunotype 2 cytokine changes
studies have found that worm infection can improve CD11c plus and IL-10 plus IFN-y-IL-2-TNF-a-/IL-10-CD4-plus cell subgroup ratio (Fig.5) Fig.5 Worm infection affected IL-10-B and IL-10-CD4-cell changes
finally, the researchers conducted mass-spectrographic data analysis of the European population (EU), the Indonesian urban population and the Indonesian rural population, and found that the European population has similar immune characterization to the Indonesian urban population, indicating that the changes in worm-type 2 and regulated immune cells were not due to ethnic differences In summary, the study used the advantages of mass spectrometry flow cell technology to provide a new strategy for more sophisticated disease intervention for these cells by analyzing the heterogeneity and function of the rare cell subgroups (e.g ILC2s, Tc2 cells and Bregs) and the worm-infected immunomodulating critical cell subgroups (TH2 cells and Treg cells) in the population of worm infection References 1 Motran CC, et al Front Immunol, 2018 2.de Ruiter K, et al Science TranslationAl Medicine, 2020.