New research identifies a specific bacterial family that causes common gynecological diseases: it can uniquely change the cervical microenvironment

Veillonellaceae bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common and highly recurring cervicovaginal disease that affects nearly 30% of women aged 15 to 44
.

It is related to the adverse consequences of obstetrics and gynecology, such as premature birth, increased acquired sexually transmitted infections, and potential gynecological cancers
.

However, the pathophysiological mechanism of bacterial vaginosis is still a mystery
.

Although there are many factors that cause this disease, researchers still know little about the functions and effects of the bacteria that are mainly involved and how to change the cervicovaginal microenvironment
.

Recently, in a new study published in "npj | Biofilms and Microbiomes", a leading research team from the University of Arizona identified a specific bacterial family and revealed how its members destroy the vaginal microenvironment and cause bacterial vaginosis
.

The study identified the complex interactions of various bacteria on female reproductive health and opened up new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bacterial vaginosis
.

The human mucosa is colonized with a diverse and dynamic bacterial community.
The balance of the flora represents health, and the imbalance will lead to a disease state, which depends on the composition of the flora
.

In the cervicovaginal microenvironment, the advantages of lactic acid bacteria are related to optimal reproductive health
.

Lactic acid is a by-product of lactic acid bacteria fermentation and an important metabolite that maintains host defenses and protects the cervicovaginal mucosal epithelium from sexually transmitted pathogens and opportunistic symbiotic bacteria
.

The overgrowth of a variety of anaerobic bacteria and the exhaustion of lactobacilli are the characteristics of bacterial vaginosis in the cervicovaginal microenvironment.

.

The research team developed a human 3D cervical epithelial cell model last year, showing that early colonizing bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia, build biofilm scaffolds on the cervical vaginal epithelium.
And showed low pro-inflammatory properties
.

The model proposes that as the biofilm matures, the abundance of lactic acid bacteria decreases, and secondary colonizing bacteria are associated with the biofilm, leading to inflammation
.

As the lactic acid bacteria are depleted, the bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis produce polyamines, leading to an increase in pH
.

This study is the first to clarify the role of the Veillonellaceae bacterial family in bacterial vaginosis
.

Researchers have found that members of the Veillonellaceae bacterial family help increase inflammation and cell death, and change the acidity of the cervical microenvironment
.

These changes support bacterial vaginosis and create favorable conditions for subsequent gynecological diseases (such as sexually transmitted infections and cancer)
.

Researchers used a human 3D cervical epithelial cell model, combined with non-targeted metabolomics and immunoproteomics analysis to determine the metabolic contribution of three bacteria to the cervical microenvironment, which are Veillonella atypica, Veillonella montpellierensis and Megasphaera micronuciformis
.

Researchers found that V.
atypica and V.
montpellierensis reduced lactic acid, providing conditions for infection of pathogens
.

These two bacteria also increase the substances that play a role in vaginal odor associated with bacterial vaginosis
.

In addition, M.
micronuciformis promotes disease progression by increasing inflammation and promoting cell death by producing certain fat molecules
.

The corresponding author of the study, Dr.
Melissa Herbst-KralovetzHerbst-Kralovetz, associate professor of basic medical sciences at the University of Arizona Phoenix School of Medicine, said: "We have found that different bacteria have different contributions, so we also hope to affect various types of bacteria based on their unique effects on the female reproductive tract.
Classification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis
.

Ultimately, this study and other similar studies can help us understand treatment and intervention strategies
.

" She said: "The most important thing is to know who the main participants are and what they are.
How to affect physiological processes and diseases, so that we can develop targeted strategies to treat bacterial vaginosis and prevent subsequent gynecological infections and cancer
.

" Link to the paper: https:// s41522-021-00229-0 2020 Hot Article Featured 1.
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