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▎ WuXi AppTec's content team edits from inactivated vaccines to recombinant protein vaccines to mRNA vaccines.
.
.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, a number of new crown vaccines developed by scientists around the world have built a solid line of defense for us, greatly reducing us The chance of being attacked by a virus
.
However, there are still gaps in this line of defense against the new crown-for example, immune-deficient people cannot be adequately protected
.
Today, a paper in "Nature" gives us hope to fill the loopholes
.
A polypeptide new crown vaccine named CoVac-1, which was led by the University of Tübingen, Germany, has shown good safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity in phase 1 clinical trials, and is resistant to various current mutant strains.
All have good protective effects
.
Currently, phase 2 clinical trials for the vaccine are underway
.
Whether it is congenital immunodeficiency or secondary immunodeficiency caused by cancer, infection, etc.
, when these people cannot produce enough B cells normally, their humoral immunity after vaccination is very limited, so they are still new crowns.
People at high risk of infection
.
To provide effective and long-lasting protection for such people, one strategy is to induce specific T cell immunity against the new coronavirus
.
From directly attacking infected cells to assisting B cells to produce antibodies, T cells play an important role in the battle against pathogens
.
When T cell immunity is normal, even in the absence of humoral immunity, the body can maintain immunity to the new coronavirus
.
The goal of the peptide vaccine being developed is to induce the body to produce T cell immunity similar to natural infection through one injection
.
Compared with other types of vaccines that have already come out, the development of peptide vaccines does not seem to be so smooth
.
The latest development of "Nature" magazine also appears to be more breakthrough significance
.
WuXi AppTec's content team mapped out that the main active ingredient of this vaccine is a specific T cell surface derived from a variety of new coronavirus proteins (including the familiar spike protein, nucleoprotein shell, membrane glycoprotein, envelope glycoprotein, etc.
) They are combined with the Toll-like receptor agonist XS15 and are emulsified in the adjuvant, so that the vaccine can generate a durable T cell response
.
In the first clinical evaluation of CoVac-1, the research team recruited 36 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 80, and they received a single dose of the peptide vaccine
.
The primary endpoint of this phase 1 clinical trial is safety at 56 days after injection, and the secondary endpoint is the immunogenicity of vaccine-induced T cell responses from 28 days after injection to the third month
.
▲T cell responses of volunteers of different ages after vaccination (picture source: reference [1]) The results showed that none of the volunteers had serious adverse reactions
.
In addition, 28 days after vaccination, specific T cell responses to the new coronavirus were observed in all volunteers, and the effect lasted for at least 3 months
.
Another important conclusion is that compared with the reduced protection efficiency of many existing vaccines in the face of mutants, the T cell response induced by this peptide vaccine is not affected by any known new crown mutants (including α, β, γ).
And δ), effectively avoiding the immune escape phenomenon caused by mutant strains
.
▲The effect of the new crown mutant on vaccine peptides (picture source: reference [1]) Therefore, this test showed good safety and induced a T cell immune response
.
These preliminary results also support the vaccine's further evaluation in phase 2 clinical trials
.
The author believes that CoVac-1 can be used as an auxiliary vaccine to help elderly and immunodeficient individuals with limited immune response ability to induce T cell immunity
.
Currently, Phase 2 clinical trials for CoVac-1 are underway, and whether this vaccine can finally enter the market remains to be tested
.
But what is certain is that when a part of the population has not been effectively protected, the efforts of scientists will not stop
.
Building an airtight protective network for all mankind and ending this protracted battle against the epidemic as soon as possible will be our common expectation and the goal that the scientific community will eventually achieve
.
Reference: [1] Heitmann, JS et al.
A COVID-19 peptide vaccine for the induction of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity.
Nature https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-04232-5 ( 2021).
.
.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, a number of new crown vaccines developed by scientists around the world have built a solid line of defense for us, greatly reducing us The chance of being attacked by a virus
.
However, there are still gaps in this line of defense against the new crown-for example, immune-deficient people cannot be adequately protected
.
Today, a paper in "Nature" gives us hope to fill the loopholes
.
A polypeptide new crown vaccine named CoVac-1, which was led by the University of Tübingen, Germany, has shown good safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity in phase 1 clinical trials, and is resistant to various current mutant strains.
All have good protective effects
.
Currently, phase 2 clinical trials for the vaccine are underway
.
Whether it is congenital immunodeficiency or secondary immunodeficiency caused by cancer, infection, etc.
, when these people cannot produce enough B cells normally, their humoral immunity after vaccination is very limited, so they are still new crowns.
People at high risk of infection
.
To provide effective and long-lasting protection for such people, one strategy is to induce specific T cell immunity against the new coronavirus
.
From directly attacking infected cells to assisting B cells to produce antibodies, T cells play an important role in the battle against pathogens
.
When T cell immunity is normal, even in the absence of humoral immunity, the body can maintain immunity to the new coronavirus
.
The goal of the peptide vaccine being developed is to induce the body to produce T cell immunity similar to natural infection through one injection
.
Compared with other types of vaccines that have already come out, the development of peptide vaccines does not seem to be so smooth
.
The latest development of "Nature" magazine also appears to be more breakthrough significance
.
WuXi AppTec's content team mapped out that the main active ingredient of this vaccine is a specific T cell surface derived from a variety of new coronavirus proteins (including the familiar spike protein, nucleoprotein shell, membrane glycoprotein, envelope glycoprotein, etc.
) They are combined with the Toll-like receptor agonist XS15 and are emulsified in the adjuvant, so that the vaccine can generate a durable T cell response
.
In the first clinical evaluation of CoVac-1, the research team recruited 36 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 80, and they received a single dose of the peptide vaccine
.
The primary endpoint of this phase 1 clinical trial is safety at 56 days after injection, and the secondary endpoint is the immunogenicity of vaccine-induced T cell responses from 28 days after injection to the third month
.
▲T cell responses of volunteers of different ages after vaccination (picture source: reference [1]) The results showed that none of the volunteers had serious adverse reactions
.
In addition, 28 days after vaccination, specific T cell responses to the new coronavirus were observed in all volunteers, and the effect lasted for at least 3 months
.
Another important conclusion is that compared with the reduced protection efficiency of many existing vaccines in the face of mutants, the T cell response induced by this peptide vaccine is not affected by any known new crown mutants (including α, β, γ).
And δ), effectively avoiding the immune escape phenomenon caused by mutant strains
.
▲The effect of the new crown mutant on vaccine peptides (picture source: reference [1]) Therefore, this test showed good safety and induced a T cell immune response
.
These preliminary results also support the vaccine's further evaluation in phase 2 clinical trials
.
The author believes that CoVac-1 can be used as an auxiliary vaccine to help elderly and immunodeficient individuals with limited immune response ability to induce T cell immunity
.
Currently, Phase 2 clinical trials for CoVac-1 are underway, and whether this vaccine can finally enter the market remains to be tested
.
But what is certain is that when a part of the population has not been effectively protected, the efforts of scientists will not stop
.
Building an airtight protective network for all mankind and ending this protracted battle against the epidemic as soon as possible will be our common expectation and the goal that the scientific community will eventually achieve
.
Reference: [1] Heitmann, JS et al.
A COVID-19 peptide vaccine for the induction of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity.
Nature https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-04232-5 ( 2021).
