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▎The influenza virus edited by WuXi AppTec's content team causes 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide every year.
Although influenza vaccines are available every year, their effectiveness in preventing influenza virus infection is not high.
So is there a way to design a vaccine that, after vaccination, gives a person a "broad-spectrum" immunity against a variety of influenza viruses? A study published in Nature recently gave hope to this idea.
A research team from the University of Washington and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) designed a new type of nanoparticle-based vaccine.
In mice, mink and non-human primate models, vaccination of this vaccine gives animals protection against a variety of influenza viruses, even against influenza virus strains that are not present in the vaccine, the immune response can also bring protection.
This candidate vaccine is expected to enter clinical trials in April this year.
In this study, the researchers densely "plugged" the antigens from the usual quadrivalent influenza vaccine onto the nanoparticles to form a "sea urchin"-like nano-vaccine.
Each thorn on the "sea urchin" is the hemagglutinin protein on the surface of the influenza virus.
This is the main antigen that the influenza virus stimulates the human immune response.
Generally, the human immune system mainly produces an immune response against the head of the hemagglutinin protein, and the head of the hemagglutinin protein of the influenza virus is prone to mutations, so it can often escape the neutralizing antibodies produced by the immune system.
When the researchers “inserted” the hemagglutinin protein onto the nanoparticles, they found that this nano-vaccine not only stimulates an immune response against the head of the hemagglutinin protein, but also stimulates a relatively conservative and more mutated hemagglutinin protein Less immune response in the neck.
This allows the antibodies produced by the immune response to not only neutralize the antigens present in the vaccine, but also neutralize the antigens on the virus strains that are not present in the vaccine.
Some of these virus strains include the avian influenza virus strains H5N1 and H7N9, which have the potential to cause a pandemic.
▲Illustration of nanoparticles carrying a variety of influenza virus antigens (picture source: credit, UW Medicine Institute for Protein Design) The concept of designing nano-vaccines by "plugging" antigens onto nanoparticles has also been applied to the new coronavirus vaccine this year.
In a study published in the journal Science in February, a research team composed of researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Oxford University, and Rockefeller University used similar nanoparticles to design the receptors for a variety of different coronaviruses.
Body-binding domain (RBD) nano-vaccine.
They found that the antibodies raised by this vaccine can also recognize coronavirus strains that are not present in the vaccine, which may provide protection for future coronaviruses.
One of the corresponding authors of the study, Dr.
Neil P.
King, a professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington, said that by the end of this year, there may be at least four vaccines constructed using this nanotechnology in clinical trials to prevent influenza viruses and new crowns.
Virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infection.
The outbreak of the new crown epidemic has made people around the world aware of the risks that a future pandemic may bring.
The development of antibodies with broad-spectrum neutralizing efficacy or vaccines that can stimulate such neutralizing antibodies may become a powerful means to prevent or treat viruses that have not yet appeared.
Reference: [1] Nanoparticle flu vaccine blocks seasonal and pandemicstrains.
Retrieved March 26, 2021, from Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum et al.
, (2021).
Quadrivalentinfluenza nanoparticle vaccines induce broad protection.
Nature, https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03365-x[3] Is a'super-seasonal' flu vaccine on the horizon? TheNIH and UW are taking a shot into the clinic this April.
Retrieved March 26,2021, from https://endpts.
com/is-a-super-seasonal-flu-vaccine-on-the-horizon-the-nih-and -uw-are-taking-a-shot-into-the-clinic-this-april/ Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not a treatment plan recommendation.
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
Although influenza vaccines are available every year, their effectiveness in preventing influenza virus infection is not high.
So is there a way to design a vaccine that, after vaccination, gives a person a "broad-spectrum" immunity against a variety of influenza viruses? A study published in Nature recently gave hope to this idea.
A research team from the University of Washington and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) designed a new type of nanoparticle-based vaccine.
In mice, mink and non-human primate models, vaccination of this vaccine gives animals protection against a variety of influenza viruses, even against influenza virus strains that are not present in the vaccine, the immune response can also bring protection.
This candidate vaccine is expected to enter clinical trials in April this year.
In this study, the researchers densely "plugged" the antigens from the usual quadrivalent influenza vaccine onto the nanoparticles to form a "sea urchin"-like nano-vaccine.
Each thorn on the "sea urchin" is the hemagglutinin protein on the surface of the influenza virus.
This is the main antigen that the influenza virus stimulates the human immune response.
Generally, the human immune system mainly produces an immune response against the head of the hemagglutinin protein, and the head of the hemagglutinin protein of the influenza virus is prone to mutations, so it can often escape the neutralizing antibodies produced by the immune system.
When the researchers “inserted” the hemagglutinin protein onto the nanoparticles, they found that this nano-vaccine not only stimulates an immune response against the head of the hemagglutinin protein, but also stimulates a relatively conservative and more mutated hemagglutinin protein Less immune response in the neck.
This allows the antibodies produced by the immune response to not only neutralize the antigens present in the vaccine, but also neutralize the antigens on the virus strains that are not present in the vaccine.
Some of these virus strains include the avian influenza virus strains H5N1 and H7N9, which have the potential to cause a pandemic.
▲Illustration of nanoparticles carrying a variety of influenza virus antigens (picture source: credit, UW Medicine Institute for Protein Design) The concept of designing nano-vaccines by "plugging" antigens onto nanoparticles has also been applied to the new coronavirus vaccine this year.
In a study published in the journal Science in February, a research team composed of researchers from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Oxford University, and Rockefeller University used similar nanoparticles to design the receptors for a variety of different coronaviruses.
Body-binding domain (RBD) nano-vaccine.
They found that the antibodies raised by this vaccine can also recognize coronavirus strains that are not present in the vaccine, which may provide protection for future coronaviruses.
One of the corresponding authors of the study, Dr.
Neil P.
King, a professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington, said that by the end of this year, there may be at least four vaccines constructed using this nanotechnology in clinical trials to prevent influenza viruses and new crowns.
Virus, and respiratory syncytial virus infection.
The outbreak of the new crown epidemic has made people around the world aware of the risks that a future pandemic may bring.
The development of antibodies with broad-spectrum neutralizing efficacy or vaccines that can stimulate such neutralizing antibodies may become a powerful means to prevent or treat viruses that have not yet appeared.
Reference: [1] Nanoparticle flu vaccine blocks seasonal and pandemicstrains.
Retrieved March 26, 2021, from Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum et al.
, (2021).
Quadrivalentinfluenza nanoparticle vaccines induce broad protection.
Nature, https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03365-x[3] Is a'super-seasonal' flu vaccine on the horizon? TheNIH and UW are taking a shot into the clinic this April.
Retrieved March 26,2021, from https://endpts.
com/is-a-super-seasonal-flu-vaccine-on-the-horizon-the-nih-and -uw-are-taking-a-shot-into-the-clinic-this-april/ Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not a treatment plan recommendation.
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
