"Pepper" academician school: let small pepper red all over the north and south of the motherland

CCTV news: Chili peppers gradually become Chinese on the table of vegetables, and the rapid development of the chili industry, and a scientist is closely related. He is An expert in vegetable genetic breeding in China, a professor of
, and the president of Hunan Agricultural University. Most of the chili varieties now available on the market have been bred by the school and his team. For decades, vegetable genetic breeding experts, although the school only studied a small pepper, but his scientific research results have helped many farmers out of poverty and become rich, driving the development of the entire chili industry.school has been studying chili peppers for more than forty years. He said: "My whole life of scientific research, is in a small pepper, constantly breed new varieties, to meet the needs of farmers, to meet the needs of the market." In
1980s, the seeds of chili peppers in the hands of farmers were largely self-retained local varieties. Low yield, poor resistance to disease, a single variety. The first scientific research project received by the yan school, which has just joined the scientific research work, is to cultivate high-quality chili varieties. And this first needs a large variety of different chili seeds as the basis. "The first thing we do in research is to collect excellent chili seed resources to expand the genetic context of hybridization so that we can produce better varieties."
the market, looking for chili seeds, which has been a habit of the school for many years. Work has always been hard-working school every time to travel abroad, the next morning to do the first thing is to go to the local wholesale vegetable market to see if there are any new varieties of chili peppers.
on business, asking people to help... As long as we know which place has a better chili variety, there is breeding value, the school team will collect the seeds of this variety through various means, for breeding services. In the course of more than 40 years of collection, the school, which is beses all over the country, will try to collect foreign chili varieties even during study abroad.
, the school team traveled to Peru to study the growth of local peppers. They found a nursery on a river where a lot of peppers were planted, of good quality and appearance, especially for market circulation. And this kind of chili pepper has not been seen before in the school.
varieties of chili peppers, which were inadvertently discovered by the school, aroused strong interest in the school. He did not understand Spanish and then used gestures to communicate with the local residents, but with little success, the local residents in addition to knowing that the school is interested in their peppers, do not understand what the school wants.
a worker in the garden just as the school was in a state of crisis. He can understand Spanish, but the worker tells him that the peppers in his garden are not ripe, but another part of Peru may have the seeds that have matured, and he is willing to take the school to look for them.
, the school found that his schedule was too good to come. In the morning, the school had a fixed schedule and could not follow the workers in search of seeds. Finally, the school communicated with the worker, asked him to help collect the seeds of the peppers, and paid in advance, asked him to send the seeds to the hotel where the school stayed in the evening.
to the hotel in the evening, the school did not see the worker. Just when he was disappointed, the worker appeared. The school not only harvested a special seed, but also harvested a good faith.
and the chili variety that was accidentally collected on this business trip has brought great help to his scientific research.school and his team used the chili seed bank to select a large number of new varieties of chili peppers. His first scientific research results " Xiang Research" series of peppers became the largest area of pepper varieties planted in China before 2000. After farmers plant "xiang research", each acre can increase income of 1,000 to 5,000 yuan, and even many farmers have become "million households."
the cultivation of new varieties of chili peppers is based on the theory of hybrid advantage, selecting two different chili varieties, one as a copy and one as a master. When the mother flowers, the male in the flower is removed by hiring a worker, and then the copy of the pollen is passed on to the female of the mother flower, bear fruit, and cultivate the seeds of the new species. But one drawback of this breeding method is that it requires a lot of labor, and the proportion of labor costs in the cost of seed production can sometimes be as high as 60% to 70%.
After the 1990s, as labor prices rose year by year, the price of chili seeds also continued to rise, pepper farmers continue to reduce the profits of chili peppers, then how to find a new way for pepper farmers to buy cheaper chili seeds, become another difficult problem facing the school.
"Only flowering fruitless, no pollen is a natural male sterubic plant..." At the pepper breeding base, the school is discussing with colleagues the reasons for the rising cost of chili pepper breeding, and he hopes to find a new way to grow chili peppers, reduce labor and reduce the cost of producing chili seeds.
" to breed a new variety of chili peppers for at least 6 to 8 years, some people do a lifetime may not be a variety to choose. It's very difficult to breed a new breed, it's harder to create a new breeding technique. The school said.
in the field of breeding, in addition to using hybrid advantage theory to select seeds, there is also a way to use male infertility system for breeding, which can reduce a large number of labor, thereby reducing the production cost of chili seeds.
to cultivate new breeds using male infertility, the most critical step is to find good male infertility strains. To this end, the school and his team invested a lot of human and material resources, from all over the country to collect hundreds of varieties of chili peppers to find and excavate. However, finding male sterility strains is only the first step in scientific research, whether it can produce suitable new varieties, and there is still a lot of research to be done. "The whole nurturing process takes about 14 years." The school said.
, recording, analyzing, comparing hundreds of chili varieties... The workload is so great that no one knows if it will succeed. But the school is full of confidence, he hopes to work harder every day, as soon as possible to find a suitable male infertility strain. "While it is difficult to know male sterility breeding, we want to increase farmers' income by providing farmers with cheaper hybrid seeds through the development of male sterility hybrids."
held such a first heart, the school and his team work overtime, every night, the research room is lit up. Kung fu is not responsible for people, they finally found a suitable male sterility strain - Hexi horn pepper infertility strain.
as a result of the success of male infertility research, the price of chili seeds continues to decline, the yield continues to improve, chili peppers, originally only planted in Hunan, Sichuan and other places of vegetable varieties, began to go to the country.from the peasant family's school has a science and technology to benefit farmers, has always been the heart of farmers, his scientific research projects have been close to the needs of farmers.
6 a.m. on June 26, 2018, the school hurriedly boarded the high-speed train from Changsha to Luxi. It turned out that a few hundred meters away in Hunan Province, Xiangxi Tu family Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xinglong Field Town, after a heavy rain, an unknown virus suddenly began to spread, is eroding a local area of hundreds of acres of chili land. It's the final harvest, and if it doesn't work, all the efforts will be torched.
is Hunan's famous "home of chili peppers", which has a long history of growing chili peppers, but for a long time local farmers have relied on the sky to eat. When the school first brought a new variety of chili peppers here in 1996, many villagers didn't believe it. The school chose to speak with facts, and with the support of the local government, he launched a demonstration planting project for new varieties of chili peppers. Villagers found that the new variety of chili peppers an acre of real estate peppers 4,000 to 5,000 pounds, some can even produce six thousand pounds. Since then, the school has become the most trusted technical experts in the hearts of the villagers. Before long, many of the villagers who grow chili peppers in the area became "million households".
from Changsha, took a two-hour high-speed train ride, and then drove three hours of mountain road, the school came to Xinglong field town in Luxi County. Without taking a break, he decided to go to the chili ground first. This is mostly the case with chili peppers grown by Yang Tieqiao, a villager in Xinglong Field Township, Luxi County. The school first came to his chili land to observe carefully for a long time, but also to understand the situation in the villages, found that chili peppers are anthrax. The school then taught villagers how to prevent and treat anthrax. Knowing that chili peppers were still saved, the villagers put their hearts down.
the past such a situation is very common, every place, the school patiently to the pepper farmers to explain the prevention and treatment of chili disease knowledge.
attention to the variety and production of chili peppers, the school also attaches great importance to the development of processing enterprises. In Luxi, chili peppers have formed an industrial chain of cultivation, processing and sales, and small peppers have become a red-hot industry to help farmers get out of poverty and get rich.
"Because I was born in the countryside, understand the agricultural production labor intensity, low income, so my scientific research is mainly to reduce the intensity of labor, improve farmers' income, this is my scientific research complex. "In the view of the school, his life is too happy, step by step from a rural child to today, can contribute to society, now every day is very full, feel very solid in the heart. (Wen/Chen Siyuan proofreading/Song Chunyan)