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Cords or headphone cables that are placed in tight spaces are prone to tangling
.
Instead, when cells divide, our bodies' long, loose DNA piles up into rod-shaped chromosomes that are a millionth of the size
A research team led by Prof.
Changyong Song and Dr.
The arrangement mechanism that condenses chromosomes into millionths of size without any tangle, and the 3D structures that achieve this, has puzzled researchers for more than half a century
.
However, it is difficult to observe chromosomes under natural conditions
This study uses coherent X-rays generated by a third-generation synchrotron facility to verify the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes after rapidly freezing hydrated chromosomes and keeping them at low temperature
.
The study revealed the structure of chromosomes in their natural state, unlike traditional cutting or staining techniques
With this study, the team confirmed that chromosomes are formed in fractal structures, rather than hierarchical structures as described in previous studies
.
In addition, a physical model showing the chromosome arrangement process is presented
Professor Changyong Song explained: "Using coherent X-rays from synchrotrons, the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes has been determined through high-resolution images at the nanoscale
.
The techniques developed in this study provide not only an understanding of genetics -- the nature of all living things -- — key, but also revealing the 3D structure of other materials, such as viruses, the detailed structure of which is very important
Daeho Sung, Chan Lim, Masatoshi Takagi, Chulho Jung, Heemin Lee, Do Hyung Cho, Jae-Yong Shin, Kangwoo Ahn, Junha Hwang, Daewoong Nam, Yoshiki Kohmura, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Do Young Noh, Naoko Imamoto, Jae-Hyung Jeon , Changyong Song.
Stochastic chromatin packing of 3D mitotic chromosomes revealed by coherent X-rays .
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2021; 118(46): e2109921118 DOI: 10.
1073/pnas.
