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Corn is one of
the crops with the largest sown area and the highest yield in China.
Corn is widely used, in addition to as feed, there are various industrial uses, and provides humans with high-quality protein and starch
.
Corn is dioecious and has a natural outcrossing rate of more than 95%, so hybrid seed production and the production of special corn need to be strictly isolated
.
Conventional time- and spatial isolation measures are time-consuming, laborious, and difficult
.
How to use scientific methods to achieve non-isolated production of corn is an urgent production problem
that needs to be solved.
In general, corn self-inbreeding and hybridization can bear fruit, but there are a few corns in nature that do not accept other corn pollen, called Unilateral cross-incompatibility (UCI)
of corn.
Three UCI loci, Ga1, Ga2 and Tcb1, composed of
pollen and filigree determinants, have been reported in maize.
Maize in nature is divided into three types according to the structure and function of UCI sites: S-type (Ga1-S, Ga2-S and Tcb1-S), which also contains pollen and filigree determinant genes; M type (Ga1-M, Ga2-M and Tcb1-M), containing only pollen determinant genes; Common types (GA1, GA2, and TCB1) contain neither pollen nor filigree determinant genes
.
UCI controls the direction of sexual transmission of haploid gametes and can be used for reproductive isolation
between different types of maize.
the crops with the largest sown area and the highest yield in China.
Corn is widely used, in addition to as feed, there are various industrial uses, and provides humans with high-quality protein and starch
.
Corn is dioecious and has a natural outcrossing rate of more than 95%, so hybrid seed production and the production of special corn need to be strictly isolated
.
Conventional time- and spatial isolation measures are time-consuming, laborious, and difficult
.
How to use scientific methods to achieve non-isolated production of corn is an urgent production problem
that needs to be solved.
In general, corn self-inbreeding and hybridization can bear fruit, but there are a few corns in nature that do not accept other corn pollen, called Unilateral cross-incompatibility (UCI)
of corn.
Three UCI loci, Ga1, Ga2 and Tcb1, composed of
pollen and filigree determinants, have been reported in maize.
Maize in nature is divided into three types according to the structure and function of UCI sites: S-type (Ga1-S, Ga2-S and Tcb1-S), which also contains pollen and filigree determinant genes; M type (Ga1-M, Ga2-M and Tcb1-M), containing only pollen determinant genes; Common types (GA1, GA2, and TCB1) contain neither pollen nor filigree determinant genes
.
UCI controls the direction of sexual transmission of haploid gametes and can be used for reproductive isolation
between different types of maize.
The Chen Huabang research group of the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has devoted itself to the study of one-way hybrid incompatibility in maize, and has reported the pollen and filigree factor genes and their applications at Ga1 and Ga2 loci (Zhang et al.
, 2012; Zhang et al.
, 2018, Chen et al.
, 2022; Cai et al.
, 2022).
Recently, the team has made another important progress
in the study of corn incompatibility.
The study cloned the pollen determinant Tcb-m
of the Tcb1 site.
This is the "last" decider gene for the maize incompatibility system to be cloned
.
So far, all the key determinants of the three incompatibility sites have been cloned and verified, laying the foundation
for the study of commonality and specificity between maize incompatibility systems.
On November 16, the research results were published online in
Plant Biotechnology Journal under the title A pollen expressed PME gene at Tcb1 locus confers maize unilateral cross-incompatibility.
, 2012; Zhang et al.
, 2018, Chen et al.
, 2022; Cai et al.
, 2022).
Recently, the team has made another important progress
in the study of corn incompatibility.
The study cloned the pollen determinant Tcb-m
of the Tcb1 site.
This is the "last" decider gene for the maize incompatibility system to be cloned
.
So far, all the key determinants of the three incompatibility sites have been cloned and verified, laying the foundation
for the study of commonality and specificity between maize incompatibility systems.
On November 16, the research results were published online in
Plant Biotechnology Journal under the title A pollen expressed PME gene at Tcb1 locus confers maize unilateral cross-incompatibility.
It was found that the pollen factor Tcb1-m at the Tcb1 site of maize encodes pectin methylesterases (PME), which is specifically expressed
in the pollen of Tcb1-S type materials.
Studies have shown that the expression of Tcb1-m gene in ordinary maize by transgenic means can make it pollinate and strengthen
Tcb1-S type material.
The Tcb1 locus and the Ga1 locus are closely linked, and their pollen is highly similar to each other and filigree factor, and the two sites are tandem repeating relationship
.
However, the Tcb1 locus existed only in the primitive ancestor of maize, Platysa grandiflora, while the Ga1 locus existed in both Cyanocarpus and maize, indicating that the two sites differentiated and produced specificity
after maize domestication.
Ordinary corn in nature also has a certain amount of materials containing Ga1 or Ga2 sites, which will reduce the application value
of corn UCI sites.
In this study, the materials containing three sites were combined in different forms to create polymeric materials containing two or three incompatible sites at the same time, which could not only more effectively hinder the pollen of ordinary corn, but also effectively prevent the risk of penetration of materials containing a single incompatible site, and further improve the application
of corn incompatibility in non-isolated seed production and production.
This study lays a material foundation
for the mechanism elucidation of incompatible systems.
in the pollen of Tcb1-S type materials.
Studies have shown that the expression of Tcb1-m gene in ordinary maize by transgenic means can make it pollinate and strengthen
Tcb1-S type material.
The Tcb1 locus and the Ga1 locus are closely linked, and their pollen is highly similar to each other and filigree factor, and the two sites are tandem repeating relationship
.
However, the Tcb1 locus existed only in the primitive ancestor of maize, Platysa grandiflora, while the Ga1 locus existed in both Cyanocarpus and maize, indicating that the two sites differentiated and produced specificity
after maize domestication.
Ordinary corn in nature also has a certain amount of materials containing Ga1 or Ga2 sites, which will reduce the application value
of corn UCI sites.
In this study, the materials containing three sites were combined in different forms to create polymeric materials containing two or three incompatible sites at the same time, which could not only more effectively hinder the pollen of ordinary corn, but also effectively prevent the risk of penetration of materials containing a single incompatible site, and further improve the application
of corn incompatibility in non-isolated seed production and production.
This study lays a material foundation
for the mechanism elucidation of incompatible systems.
The research work was supported
by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
