Protective effect and mechanism of Gynostemma saponins on nervous system diseases

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Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Makino (Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Makino) is a perennial trailing herb, also known as five-leaf ginseng and aesculus gall, which is a type species of Gynostemma genus of Cucurbitaceae

Protective effect of Gynostemma saponins on nervous system diseases

1.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common senile dementia

2.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that occurs in the elderly.

3.

Depression is a serious mental illness with a high lifetime prevalence and a high suicide rate, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their families

4.

Animal experimental studies have shown that Gynostemma saponins can prevent brain damage in mice caused by simulated high-altitude hypoxia.

In animal experiments with pathological hypoxic brain injury, the study found that a certain dose of Gynostemma saponin pretreatment for 10 days can significantly reduce the infarct volume of brain tissue in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and improve motor function

5.

Studies have shown that Gynostemma saponins can also improve stress anxiety disorder

Mechanism of Gynostemma saponins in improving nervous system diseases

1.

Neuroinflammation is the main cause of various neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke, PD and AD

2.

Oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, etc.

3.
Promote nerve regeneration

Nerve regeneration also plays an important role in the protective effect of Gynostemma japonica on the nervous system
.
Gynostemma saponin can promote the increase of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle of MCAO rats, and promote the differentiation of NSCs into neuroblasts
.
Gynostemma saponin pretreatment can significantly increase the number of BrdU-positive cells in the bilateral SVZ of MCAO rats; double-labeled immunohistochemistry confirmed that the proliferating cells in the SVZ region were glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)/nestin-positive B respectively.
type A cells and doublecortin/nestin positive type A cells
.
Therefore, Gynostemma saponins can alleviate nerve damage caused by stroke by enhancing nerve regeneration in SVZ
.

As a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely distributed naturally in China, with high yield and good development potential.
It is a research hotspot in recent years
.
Gynostemma saponins are very similar to the well-known ginsenosides in physiological activity and have few adverse reactions, so Gynostemma saponins also have very broad application prospects in clinical practice
.
However, the current studies on the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Gynostemma saponins mostly focus on the level of cells and animals, and there are few preclinical efficacy evaluations.
In addition, the components of Gynostemma saponins are complex, and only dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins are monomers.
There are more than 20 kinds of compounds
.
Therefore, further research on the active components and mechanism of Gynostemma saponin will contribute to the development of its clinical value potential
.

references:

[1] Shen Zilin, Wang Zhenbo, Hou Huifang, Zhang Li, Huang Jianjun.
New progress in research on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and application of Gynostemma pentaphyllum [J].
Ginseng Research, 2020,32(05):59-64.
DOI:10.
19403/j.
cnki.
1671-1521.
2020.
05.
015.

[2] Geng Yanan, Zhao Ming, Fan Ming, Zhu Lingling.
Research progress on the protective effect and mechanism of Gynostemma saponins on nervous system diseases [J].
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2021,37(06):765-768.