Rad sequencing methods build one of the highest resolution system development trees in bamboo sub-sections.

The temperate bamboo branch consists of 23-32 genus, or about 546 species, mainly in East asia (especially the Himalayas) and South-East Asia, with a few species distributed to southern India and Sri Lanka, Africa and Madagascar, as well as low-altitude and tropical or subtropical mountains in eastern North America.
east Asia has nearly 500 kinds of this branch, is its diversification center, southwest China has more than 180 species.
branch of temperutive bamboo has been proved to be a single-line group in molecular systems research, but the relationship within the group has not been clarified.
The Research Team of Li De baht of Kunming Institute of Plant Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is dedicated to the classification and systematic development of temperate bamboo, which is divided into 10 main branch lines based on the analysis of 8 chlorophylis DNA fragments based on a large amount of material collection. The 11th and 12th branch systems were found, and based on chlorophynd whole genome data, the systematic relationships between these interseconds were explored, clarifying the relationships between most of them, but the relationships within these major branchings could not be resolved by relatively conservative chlorophynd genome sequences, requiring more nuclear genetic data.
Recently, researchers at Kunming Plant Institute developed a large number of SNPs markers at the genome-wide level using a method of simplifying genome sequencing, known as RAD-site-associated DNA sequencing, to study the system development relationship between the fifth branch and its associated branch, Shibataea and Arundinaria Clades.
the SNP matrix based on RAD sequencing data, a system development tree with the highest resolution to date was constructed and eight main branches were obtained: Yushania and Fargesia, Chimonocalamus and Fargesia sect. Ampullares, Alpine Bashania and Fargesia, Drepanostachyum and Himalayacalamus, Gaoligongshania, Sino-Japanese Clade, Chimonobambusa, Ferrocalamus and Indocalamus.
results show that the fifth branch (Phylostachys clade), the fourth (Shibataea clade) and the sixth branch (Arundinaria clade) named after the chlorophyllos fragment are not single-line.
the results obtained by the fragments of the chlorophynd, the system development relationship based on RAD data is more consistent with the traditional classification results according to morphological characteristics.
species with thin underground stems form two single branches, one in Sino-Japanese clade, which is mainly distributed at low altitudes in East Asia, and the other in Alpine Bashania, which is located at high altitudes in the Yokosan-Himalayan region.
addition, two different SNP-generated methods, the BWA-GATK method based on reference sequence comparison, and the Stacks method based on de novo assembly, were studied.
despite the existence of a large amount of missing data, the largest matrix obtained by both methods can obtain a topologically similar and high-resolution system development tree.
the study is of scientific significance for revealing the origin and evolution of tempered bamboo species, and has laid a solid foundation for further study of the formation and evolutionary history of species diversity in this group.
the study was published online by Geneo-wide RAD Sequencing data provide advance resolution and the poaceae: Bambusoideae.
the study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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