Rejuvenation, intestinal flora

Health and longevity is an eternal topic of mankind . No matter where you are, everyone wants to live a long life . Throughout the ages, no matter it is princes, generals, nobles, or poor people, all yearning for immortality, generations of great men have also been pursuing the secret of health and longevity, trying various methods to prolong their lives . Indeed, in recent years, with the advancement of medicine, human life expectancy has become higher and higher, and we can live longer . However, what followed was that the economic burden of various aging-related diseases soared rapidly . For many people, the rest of their lives will be spent under the trouble of disease, and we all hope to have a vibrant old age . The secret of health and longevity may be hidden in our intestinal flora, which may allow us to rejuvenate and return to youth . 　　The secret of centenarian’s longevity is hidden in the intestinal flora. 　　For a long time, the intestinal flora has been considered a key role in determining the health of the elderly because it controls digestive function, bone density, neuronal activity, immunity and resistance. Pathogens play an important role in infection . The intestinal flora of the elderly often shows an increase in inter-individual variability and a decrease in diversity, which is related to immune aging, chronic systemic inflammation and weakness . 　　However, there are some centenarians living in many places in the world, and they seem to have magical health powers . They are very healthy and seem to be very low susceptibility to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation and infectious diseases . They will not suffer from obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and other chronic diseases that will inevitably plague us with age . 　　So, is there any uniqueness in the intestinal flora of centenarians? Are there some unique members of the intestinal bacteria that can resist pathogenic infections and other environmental stressors? It is true that centenarians can live healthy and energetic to over 100 years old, which makes us envious, and their intestinal flora is also full of bullishness . 　　Recently, a study published in the journal Nature by Keio University and other institutions in Japan found that centenarians have some unique bacteria in their intestines that can produce unique secondary bile acids. Inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and prevent the occurrence of diseases . 　　What is striking here is not the number of intestinal bacteria, but their composition . The intestinal flora is a complete ecosystem consisting of an astonishing number of microbial species, each of which is digesting food and excreting various metabolites . By comparing the intestinal flora of 160 centenarians with those aged 85-89 and young people aged 21-55, the researchers found that there are some special bacterial strains in the intestinal flora of centenarians . 　　At the same time, the research team also observed the metabolites in the feces of the participants . Surprisingly, bile acids have surged in centenarians, but compared to ordinary bile acids that normally digest fat, these bile acids come from bacteria rather than the liver . 　　After in-depth research, the researchers identified some strains of the Odoribacteraceae family from the intestines of centenarians as potent producers of this type of bile acid, especially a bile acid called isoalloLCA . This is a "unique characteristic" that 85-89-year-olds and 21-55-year-olds do not have . 　　Secondary bile acids are a powerful substance. For example, previous studies in mice found that they can regulate immune cells and prevent dangerous microorganisms from occupying the intestines. . The higher levels of bile acid isoalloLCA in centenarians also aroused the interest of the research team, who next wanted to see what effect it had . 　　Both in vitro and animal experiments have shown that this bile acid can fight a series of Gram-positive pathogens, and they can even eliminate common drug-resistant super bacteria such as Clostridium difficile in hospitals. These bacteria can cause severe diarrhea, especially in In vulnerable people taking antibiotics, and the dose used is much lower than any bile acid tested before . When mice infected with C. difficile are fed food containing this bile acid, their bodies can easily eliminate the bacteria without side effects . 　　Therefore, the intestinal flora-specific bile acid metabolism of centenarians may protect the intestines from foreign invaders and reduce the risk of pathogen infections, which may help maintain the stability of the intestinal environment and increase with age. Growth while maintaining its health . The intestinal flora may hold the secret of "immortality" for centenarians . 　　Young flora can rejuvenate the aging brain 　　A major health challenge facing the elderly is the decline in cognitive ability, which will become more and more serious as the global population ages . How to maintain a healthy brain and prevent cognitive decline has also become an important part of helping healthy aging . 　　A large number of studies have confirmed that the intestinal flora is a key regulator of host immunity, metabolism and brain health . While aging-related immune system function declines, the intestinal flora will also undergo tremendous changes in composition and function during the normal aging process, which is related to inflammation and cognitive decline . So, can regulating the intestinal flora delay or even reverse the cognitive and behavioral disorders related to aging? 　　The answer seems to be yes . Recently, a research team from the University of Cork in Ireland published in the journal Nature Aging found that transplanting the fecal flora of young mice to older mice can help restore aging-related immune and neurocognitive disorders , To help it regain its youthful vitality . 　　To study this, the researchers extracted fecal bacteria from young mice of 3-4 months old and transplanted them into old mice of 20 months old (by mouse standards, this is already very old) In the intestines . 　　The first thing the researchers noticed is that the intestinal flora of old mice that received fecal bacteria transplantation from young mice began to become similar to that of young mice, and the bacteria that were more common in young mice became more common. Rich . 　　Next, the researchers conducted a series of tests on the peripheral and neuroimmune functions of the elderly mice . Studies have shown that some of the immune changes that occur in mice with aging are also reversed by transplanting the flora of young mice . 　　The innate immunity and adaptive immunity of the intestinal-related mesenteric lymph nodes of old mice are also particularly sensitive to the regulation of fecal bacteria transplantation . For example, transplanting them with the fecal flora of young mice can reverse the increase in senescence-induced early activation of CD8+ T cells and CD103+ dendritic cells and the decrease in the expression of the activation marker CD11b on Ly6Chi monocytes . Therefore, transplantation of the intestinal flora of young mice can selectively regulate the peripheral immunity of old mice, that is, the immune tissues near the intestine, thereby restoring certain aspects of peripheral immunity . 　　The hippocampus is a key brain area in the brain related to emotions, learning and memory, and is particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging . Some morphological and functional changes of the hippocampus are related to aging-related cognitive decline, decreased neurogenesis, and decreased synaptic plasticity . Microglia are macrophages in the brain and are the main cell type that mediates neuroinflammation and maintenance . In the past decade, microglia have become important contributors to the development, homeostasis, and function of the central nervous system. Their disorders are related to normal aging and cognitive decline during neurodegenerative diseases . 　　With aging, the morphology of the microglia in the hippocampus will change. Studies have shown that after transplanting the flora of young mice, the microglia also return to their young morphology . As macrophages in the brain, microglia constantly survey the surrounding environment in order to sense the presence of infectious substances, inflammation, and injured or dead cells . With aging, some genes used by microglia in the hippocampus to perceive their surroundings will change. These genes are closely related to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disease models such as Alzheimer’s disease. After the flora, the expression of these genes was also reversed . 　　The transplantation of the flora of young mice will also affect the metabolome of the hippocampus of old mice . The study found that 35 abnormal metabolites in the hippocampus of old mice were restored after transplantation of the flora of young mice. These metabolites are mainly related to amino acid metabolism, which is essential for normal brain function . All in all, the hippocampus of old mice become more similar to the hippocampus of young mice both physiologically and biochemically . 　　At the behavioral level, the researchers used a series of behavioral tests to study the impact of transplanted young mice's flora on aging-related cognitive impairment . The spatial memory impairment of the old mice that received the transplantation of the young mouse flora was improved. In the water maze experiment, these mice could better remember the layout of the maze and quickly find the platform in the water . In addition, transplanting the flora of young mice can also significantly reduce the anxiety-like behaviors of old mice, showing a significant increase in the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze . These observations have important clinical significance because anxiety disorders are very common in the elderly and are associated with poor quality of life and cognitive impairment . 　　In summary, the data provided by this study shows that the fecal flora transplanted from young mice to old mice can restore certain aspects of their peripheral and brain immunity and cognitive behavioral disorders, which is like turning on the young and old. The mouse’s back in time button allows it to regain its youth and vitality . 　　Summary 　　As we age, the body’s ability to cope with environmental pressures becomes lower and lower, leading to a large number of disruptions in physiological balance, including inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and mitochondrial damage, which inevitably lead to various aging-related The occurrence of the disease . 　　Intestinal flora affects all aspects of human survival, including immunity, metabolism, hormone balance, cognitive ability and gene expression, and plays a vital role in our health and disease . The intestinal flora also seems to hold the secret of longevity . Only when we take good care of our intestinal flora can they take good care of us . As we age, maintaining a healthy intestinal flora is a major biomarker of healthy aging. Adjusting the composition of the intestinal flora through a healthy diet and lifestyle may help aging and healthy walks with health and contribute to global health Aging, healthy and longevity, and rejuvenation may no longer be a dream . References: Sato, Y. , et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature (2021). https://doi. org/10. 1038/s41586-021-03832-5 Boehme, M. , et al. Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits. Nat Aging 1, 666–676 (2021). https://doi. org/10. 1038/s43587-021-00093-9 Heijtz, RD, et al. Young microbiota rejuvenates the aging brain. Nat Aging 1, 625–627 (2021). https://doi. org/10. 1038/s43587-021-00100-z   Disclaimer: This article only represents the author's personal views and has nothing to do with China Probiotics. com . The originality and the text and content stated in the article have not been verified by this site. This site does not make any guarantee or commitment to the authenticity, completeness, and timeliness of this article, all or part of the content, and the text. Readers are invited for reference only, and please Verify the relevant content yourself .   Copyright notice 1. Some of the reprinted articles on this site are not original, and the copyright and liability belong to the original author . 2. All reprinted articles, links and pictures on this website are for the purpose of conveying more information, and clearly indicate the source and author. Media or individuals who do not want to be reprinted can contact us for infringement information that can provide sufficient evidence , Bio149 will be deleted within 12 hours after confirmation . 3. Users are welcome to post original articles to 86371366@qq. com, and publish them to the homepage after review. The copyright and liability belong to the sender .

Health and longevity is an eternal topic of mankind
.
No matter where you are, everyone wants to live a long life
.
Throughout the ages, no matter it is princes, generals, nobles, or poor people, all yearning for immortality, generations of great men have also been pursuing the secret of health and longevity, trying various methods to prolong their lives
.


　　Indeed, in recent years, with the advancement of medicine, human life expectancy has become higher and higher, and we can live longer
.
However, what followed was that the economic burden of various aging-related diseases soared rapidly
.
For many people, the rest of their lives will be spent under the trouble of disease, and we all hope to have a vibrant old age
.


　　The secret of health and longevity may be hidden in our intestinal flora, which may allow us to rejuvenate and return to youth
.


　　The secret of centenarian’s longevity is hidden in the intestinal flora.


　　For a long time, the intestinal flora has been considered a key role in determining the health of the elderly because it controls digestive function, bone density, neuronal activity, immunity and resistance.
Pathogens play an important role in infection
.
The intestinal flora of the elderly often shows an increase in inter-individual variability and a decrease in diversity, which is related to immune aging, chronic systemic inflammation and weakness
.


　　However, there are some centenarians living in many places in the world, and they seem to have magical health powers
.
They are very healthy and seem to be very low susceptibility to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation and infectious diseases
.
They will not suffer from obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and other chronic diseases that will inevitably plague us with age
.


　　So, is there any uniqueness in the intestinal flora of centenarians? Are there some unique members of the intestinal bacteria that can resist pathogenic infections and other environmental stressors? It is true that centenarians can live healthy and energetic to over 100 years old, which makes us envious, and their intestinal flora is also full of bullishness
.


　　Recently, a study published in the journal Nature by Keio University and other institutions in Japan found that centenarians have some unique bacteria in their intestines that can produce unique secondary bile acids.
Inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and prevent the occurrence of diseases
.


　　What is striking here is not the number of intestinal bacteria, but their composition
.
The intestinal flora is a complete ecosystem consisting of an astonishing number of microbial species, each of which is digesting food and excreting various metabolites
.
By comparing the intestinal flora of 160 centenarians with those aged 85-89 and young people aged 21-55, the researchers found that there are some special bacterial strains in the intestinal flora of centenarians
.


　　At the same time, the research team also observed the metabolites in the feces of the participants
.
Surprisingly, bile acids have surged in centenarians, but compared to ordinary bile acids that normally digest fat, these bile acids come from bacteria rather than the liver
.


　　After in-depth research, the researchers identified some strains of the Odoribacteraceae family from the intestines of centenarians as potent producers of this type of bile acid, especially a bile acid called isoalloLCA
.
This is a "unique characteristic" that 85-89-year-olds and 21-55-year-olds do not have
.


　　Secondary bile acids are a powerful substance.
For example, previous studies in mice found that they can regulate immune cells and prevent dangerous microorganisms from occupying the intestines.

.
The higher levels of bile acid isoalloLCA in centenarians also aroused the interest of the research team, who next wanted to see what effect it had
.


　　Both in vitro and animal experiments have shown that this bile acid can fight a series of Gram-positive pathogens, and they can even eliminate common drug-resistant super bacteria such as Clostridium difficile in hospitals.
These bacteria can cause severe diarrhea, especially in In vulnerable people taking antibiotics, and the dose used is much lower than any bile acid tested before
.
When mice infected with C.
difficile are fed food containing this bile acid, their bodies can easily eliminate the bacteria without side effects
.


　　Therefore, the intestinal flora-specific bile acid metabolism of centenarians may protect the intestines from foreign invaders and reduce the risk of pathogen infections, which may help maintain the stability of the intestinal environment and increase with age.
Growth while maintaining its health
.
The intestinal flora may hold the secret of "immortality" for centenarians
.


　　Young flora can rejuvenate the aging brain

　　A major health challenge facing the elderly is the decline in cognitive ability, which will become more and more serious as the global population ages
.
How to maintain a healthy brain and prevent cognitive decline has also become an important part of helping healthy aging
.


　　A large number of studies have confirmed that the intestinal flora is a key regulator of host immunity, metabolism and brain health
.
While aging-related immune system function declines, the intestinal flora will also undergo tremendous changes in composition and function during the normal aging process, which is related to inflammation and cognitive decline
.
So, can regulating the intestinal flora delay or even reverse the cognitive and behavioral disorders related to aging?

　　The answer seems to be yes
.
Recently, a research team from the University of Cork in Ireland published in the journal Nature Aging found that transplanting the fecal flora of young mice to older mice can help restore aging-related immune and neurocognitive disorders , To help it regain its youthful vitality
.


　　To study this, the researchers extracted fecal bacteria from young mice of 3-4 months old and transplanted them into old mice of 20 months old (by mouse standards, this is already very old) In the intestines
.


　　The first thing the researchers noticed is that the intestinal flora of old mice that received fecal bacteria transplantation from young mice began to become similar to that of young mice, and the bacteria that were more common in young mice became more common.
Rich
.


　　Next, the researchers conducted a series of tests on the peripheral and neuroimmune functions of the elderly mice
.
Studies have shown that some of the immune changes that occur in mice with aging are also reversed by transplanting the flora of young mice
.


　　The innate immunity and adaptive immunity of the intestinal-related mesenteric lymph nodes of old mice are also particularly sensitive to the regulation of fecal bacteria transplantation
.
For example, transplanting them with the fecal flora of young mice can reverse the increase in senescence-induced early activation of CD8+ T cells and CD103+ dendritic cells and the decrease in the expression of the activation marker CD11b on Ly6Chi monocytes
.
Therefore, transplantation of the intestinal flora of young mice can selectively regulate the peripheral immunity of old mice, that is, the immune tissues near the intestine, thereby restoring certain aspects of peripheral immunity
.


　　The hippocampus is a key brain area in the brain related to emotions, learning and memory, and is particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging
.
Some morphological and functional changes of the hippocampus are related to aging-related cognitive decline, decreased neurogenesis, and decreased synaptic plasticity
.
Microglia are macrophages in the brain and are the main cell type that mediates neuroinflammation and maintenance
.
In the past decade, microglia have become important contributors to the development, homeostasis, and function of the central nervous system.
Their disorders are related to normal aging and cognitive decline during neurodegenerative diseases
.


　　With aging, the morphology of the microglia in the hippocampus will change.
Studies have shown that after transplanting the flora of young mice, the microglia also return to their young morphology
.
As macrophages in the brain, microglia constantly survey the surrounding environment in order to sense the presence of infectious substances, inflammation, and injured or dead cells
.
With aging, some genes used by microglia in the hippocampus to perceive their surroundings will change.
These genes are closely related to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disease models such as Alzheimer’s disease.
After the flora, the expression of these genes was also reversed
.


　　The transplantation of the flora of young mice will also affect the metabolome of the hippocampus of old mice
.
The study found that 35 abnormal metabolites in the hippocampus of old mice were restored after transplantation of the flora of young mice.
These metabolites are mainly related to amino acid metabolism, which is essential for normal brain function
.
All in all, the hippocampus of old mice become more similar to the hippocampus of young mice both physiologically and biochemically
.


　　At the behavioral level, the researchers used a series of behavioral tests to study the impact of transplanted young mice's flora on aging-related cognitive impairment
.
The spatial memory impairment of the old mice that received the transplantation of the young mouse flora was improved.
In the water maze experiment, these mice could better remember the layout of the maze and quickly find the platform in the water
.
In addition, transplanting the flora of young mice can also significantly reduce the anxiety-like behaviors of old mice, showing a significant increase in the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze
.
These observations have important clinical significance because anxiety disorders are very common in the elderly and are associated with poor quality of life and cognitive impairment
.


　　In summary, the data provided by this study shows that the fecal flora transplanted from young mice to old mice can restore certain aspects of their peripheral and brain immunity and cognitive behavioral disorders, which is like turning on the young and old.
The mouse’s back in time button allows it to regain its youth and vitality
.


　　Summary

　　As we age, the body’s ability to cope with environmental pressures becomes lower and lower, leading to a large number of disruptions in physiological balance, including inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and mitochondrial damage, which inevitably lead to various aging-related The occurrence of the disease
.


　　Intestinal flora affects all aspects of human survival, including immunity, metabolism, hormone balance, cognitive ability and gene expression, and plays a vital role in our health and disease
.
The intestinal flora also seems to hold the secret of longevity
.
Only when we take good care of our intestinal flora can they take good care of us
.
As we age, maintaining a healthy intestinal flora is a major biomarker of healthy aging.
Adjusting the composition of the intestinal flora through a healthy diet and lifestyle may help aging and healthy walks with health and contribute to global health Aging, healthy and longevity, and rejuvenation may no longer be a dream
.


References:

Sato, Y.
, et al.
Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians.
Nature (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03832-5

Boehme, M.
, et al.
Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits.
Nat Aging 1, 666–676 (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s43587-021-00093-9

Heijtz, RD, et al.
Young microbiota rejuvenates the aging brain.
Nat Aging 1, 625–627 (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s43587-021-00100-z

---

Health and longevity is an eternal topic of mankind
.
No matter where you are, everyone wants to live a long life
.
Throughout the ages, no matter it is princes, generals, nobles, or poor people, all yearning for immortality, generations of great men have also been pursuing the secret of health and longevity, trying various methods to prolong their lives
.


　　Indeed, in recent years, with the advancement of medicine, human life expectancy has become higher and higher, and we can live longer
.
However, what followed was that the economic burden of various aging-related diseases soared rapidly
.
For many people, the rest of their lives will be spent under the trouble of disease, and we all hope to have a vibrant old age
.


　　The secret of health and longevity may be hidden in our intestinal flora, which may allow us to rejuvenate and return to youth
.


　　The secret of centenarian’s longevity is hidden in the intestinal flora.


　　For a long time, the intestinal flora has been considered a key role in determining the health of the elderly because it controls digestive function, bone density, neuronal activity, immunity and resistance.
Pathogens play an important role in infection
.
The intestinal flora of the elderly often shows an increase in inter-individual variability and a decrease in diversity, which is related to immune aging, chronic systemic inflammation and weakness
.


　　However, there are some centenarians living in many places in the world, and they seem to have magical health powers
.
They are very healthy and seem to be very low susceptibility to aging-related diseases, chronic inflammation and infectious diseases
.
They will not suffer from obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and other chronic diseases that will inevitably plague us with age
.


　　So, is there any uniqueness in the intestinal flora of centenarians? Are there some unique members of the intestinal bacteria that can resist pathogenic infections and other environmental stressors? It is true that centenarians can live healthy and energetic to over 100 years old, which makes us envious, and their intestinal flora is also full of bullishness
.


　　Recently, a study published in the journal Nature by Keio University and other institutions in Japan found that centenarians have some unique bacteria in their intestines that can produce unique secondary bile acids.
Inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and prevent the occurrence of diseases
.


　　What is striking here is not the number of intestinal bacteria, but their composition
.
The intestinal flora is a complete ecosystem consisting of an astonishing number of microbial species, each of which is digesting food and excreting various metabolites
.
By comparing the intestinal flora of 160 centenarians with those aged 85-89 and young people aged 21-55, the researchers found that there are some special bacterial strains in the intestinal flora of centenarians
.


　　At the same time, the research team also observed the metabolites in the feces of the participants
.
Surprisingly, bile acids have surged in centenarians, but compared to ordinary bile acids that normally digest fat, these bile acids come from bacteria rather than the liver
.


　　After in-depth research, the researchers identified some strains of the Odoribacteraceae family from the intestines of centenarians as potent producers of this type of bile acid, especially a bile acid called isoalloLCA
.
This is a "unique characteristic" that 85-89-year-olds and 21-55-year-olds do not have
.


　　Secondary bile acids are a powerful substance.
For example, previous studies in mice found that they can regulate immune cells and prevent dangerous microorganisms from occupying the intestines.

.
The higher levels of bile acid isoalloLCA in centenarians also aroused the interest of the research team, who next wanted to see what effect it had
.


　　Both in vitro and animal experiments have shown that this bile acid can fight a series of Gram-positive pathogens, and they can even eliminate common drug-resistant super bacteria such as Clostridium difficile in hospitals.
These bacteria can cause severe diarrhea, especially in In vulnerable people taking antibiotics, and the dose used is much lower than any bile acid tested before
.
When mice infected with C.
difficile are fed food containing this bile acid, their bodies can easily eliminate the bacteria without side effects
.


　　Therefore, the intestinal flora-specific bile acid metabolism of centenarians may protect the intestines from foreign invaders and reduce the risk of pathogen infections, which may help maintain the stability of the intestinal environment and increase with age.
Growth while maintaining its health
.
The intestinal flora may hold the secret of "immortality" for centenarians
.


　　Young flora can rejuvenate the aging brain

　　A major health challenge facing the elderly is the decline in cognitive ability, which will become more and more serious as the global population ages
.
How to maintain a healthy brain and prevent cognitive decline has also become an important part of helping healthy aging
.


　　A large number of studies have confirmed that the intestinal flora is a key regulator of host immunity, metabolism and brain health
.
While aging-related immune system function declines, the intestinal flora will also undergo tremendous changes in composition and function during the normal aging process, which is related to inflammation and cognitive decline
.
So, can regulating the intestinal flora delay or even reverse the cognitive and behavioral disorders related to aging?

　　The answer seems to be yes
.
Recently, a research team from the University of Cork in Ireland published in the journal Nature Aging found that transplanting the fecal flora of young mice to older mice can help restore aging-related immune and neurocognitive disorders , To help it regain its youthful vitality
.


　　To study this, the researchers extracted fecal bacteria from young mice of 3-4 months old and transplanted them into old mice of 20 months old (by mouse standards, this is already very old) In the intestines
.


　　The first thing the researchers noticed is that the intestinal flora of old mice that received fecal bacteria transplantation from young mice began to become similar to that of young mice, and the bacteria that were more common in young mice became more common.
Rich
.


　　Next, the researchers conducted a series of tests on the peripheral and neuroimmune functions of the elderly mice
.
Studies have shown that some of the immune changes that occur in mice with aging are also reversed by transplanting the flora of young mice
.


　　The innate immunity and adaptive immunity of the intestinal-related mesenteric lymph nodes of old mice are also particularly sensitive to the regulation of fecal bacteria transplantation
.
For example, transplanting them with the fecal flora of young mice can reverse the increase in senescence-induced early activation of CD8+ T cells and CD103+ dendritic cells and the decrease in the expression of the activation marker CD11b on Ly6Chi monocytes
.
Therefore, transplantation of the intestinal flora of young mice can selectively regulate the peripheral immunity of old mice, that is, the immune tissues near the intestine, thereby restoring certain aspects of peripheral immunity
.


　　The hippocampus is a key brain area in the brain related to emotions, learning and memory, and is particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging
.
Some morphological and functional changes of the hippocampus are related to aging-related cognitive decline, decreased neurogenesis, and decreased synaptic plasticity
.
Microglia are macrophages in the brain and are the main cell type that mediates neuroinflammation and maintenance
.
In the past decade, microglia have become important contributors to the development, homeostasis, and function of the central nervous system.
Their disorders are related to normal aging and cognitive decline during neurodegenerative diseases
.


　　With aging, the morphology of the microglia in the hippocampus will change.
Studies have shown that after transplanting the flora of young mice, the microglia also return to their young morphology
.
As macrophages in the brain, microglia constantly survey the surrounding environment in order to sense the presence of infectious substances, inflammation, and injured or dead cells
.
With aging, some genes used by microglia in the hippocampus to perceive their surroundings will change.
These genes are closely related to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disease models such as Alzheimer’s disease.
After the flora, the expression of these genes was also reversed
.


　　The transplantation of the flora of young mice will also affect the metabolome of the hippocampus of old mice
.
The study found that 35 abnormal metabolites in the hippocampus of old mice were restored after transplantation of the flora of young mice.
These metabolites are mainly related to amino acid metabolism, which is essential for normal brain function
.
All in all, the hippocampus of old mice become more similar to the hippocampus of young mice both physiologically and biochemically
.


　　At the behavioral level, the researchers used a series of behavioral tests to study the impact of transplanted young mice's flora on aging-related cognitive impairment
.
The spatial memory impairment of the old mice that received the transplantation of the young mouse flora was improved.
In the water maze experiment, these mice could better remember the layout of the maze and quickly find the platform in the water
.
In addition, transplanting the flora of young mice can also significantly reduce the anxiety-like behaviors of old mice, showing a significant increase in the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze
.
These observations have important clinical significance because anxiety disorders are very common in the elderly and are associated with poor quality of life and cognitive impairment
.


　　In summary, the data provided by this study shows that the fecal flora transplanted from young mice to old mice can restore certain aspects of their peripheral and brain immunity and cognitive behavioral disorders, which is like turning on the young and old.
The mouse’s back in time button allows it to regain its youth and vitality
.


　　Summary

　　As we age, the body’s ability to cope with environmental pressures becomes lower and lower, leading to a large number of disruptions in physiological balance, including inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and mitochondrial damage, which inevitably lead to various aging-related The occurrence of the disease
.


　　Intestinal flora affects all aspects of human survival, including immunity, metabolism, hormone balance, cognitive ability and gene expression, and plays a vital role in our health and disease
.
The intestinal flora also seems to hold the secret of longevity
.
Only when we take good care of our intestinal flora can they take good care of us
.
As we age, maintaining a healthy intestinal flora is a major biomarker of healthy aging.
Adjusting the composition of the intestinal flora through a healthy diet and lifestyle may help aging and healthy walks with health and contribute to global health Aging, healthy and longevity, and rejuvenation may no longer be a dream
.


References:

Sato, Y.
, et al.
Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians.
Nature (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41586-021-03832-5

Boehme, M.
, et al.
Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits.
Nat Aging 1, 666–676 (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s43587-021-00093-9

Heijtz, RD, et al.
Young microbiota rejuvenates the aging brain.
Nat Aging 1, 625–627 (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s43587-021-00100-z

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