Science emphasizes that "nasal vaccine" is a trend, and analysis of the pros and cons of seven nasal vaccines

Dr.

This vaccination method provides two additional layers of protection than intramuscular injection, because it produces: 1) Immunoglobulin A and the resident memory B and T cells in the respiratory mucosa, which are effective barriers to prevent infection in these areas, and 2 ) Cross-reacting resident memory B cells and T cells, if the virus mutation does start to infect, they can respond earlier than other immune cells

Lund and Randall said: "Considering the respiratory tendency of the virus, only 7 of the nearly 100 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently in clinical trials are delivered intranasally, which seems surprising

Their viewpoint article details the respective advantages and challenges of the seven candidate intranasal vaccines

One of the disadvantages of using viruses that people may have encountered before is the negative interference of anti-carrier antibodies, which can affect the vaccination

Lund and Randall said: "It is worth noting that there is no lipid-encapsulated mRNA in the list of intranasal vaccines

UAB researchers concluded: "Ultimately, the goal of vaccination is to stimulate long-term protective immunity

Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of nasal vaccination and intramuscular vaccination, they believe that perhaps effective vaccination does not need to be limited to a single route

"The ideal vaccination strategy," the immunologist concludes, "the intramuscular vaccine can be used to induce a long-term systemic immunoglobulin G response and extensive central memory B cells and T cells, followed by an intranasal booster, which Recruit memory B and T cells into the nasal cavity and further guide them to differentiate in the direction of mucosal protection, including the secretion of immunoglobulin A and memory cells residing in the respiratory tract