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Barite is an important barium-containing mineral.
Because of its high density, low hardness, stable chemical properties, non-toxicity, and absorption of radioactive rays, it is widely used in petroleum, chemical, building materials, paint and other fields.
An important strategic non-metallic mineral.
As my country's dominant mineral, barite is mainly distributed in provinces such as Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu and Shaanxi.
However, with the expansion of its application fields and the accelerated consumption of resources, easy-to-select high-grade barite ore has been declining.
At present, the proportion of barite commercial-grade rich ore grades higher than 90% has declined.
The grade of BaSO4 in most deposits is 50% to 90%, and it is often associated with galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, fluorite, and silicon.
The symbiosis of acid salt and carbonate minerals requires ore beneficiation before they can be used.
The beneficiation methods of barite mainly include manual selection, gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching and calcination.
Among them, the beneficiation of barite ore associated with sulfide ore usually adopts flotation method or combined process of gravity separation and flotation to recover barite after removing sulfide ore.
1.
Hand-selected for high-grade barite ore after coarse crushing, according to the color and gloss of the associated ore, hand-selected massive barite.
The manual selection method is simple, convenient and easy to implement, low cost, low equipment dependence, but high ore requirements, and low production efficiency, which will cause a great waste of resources.
2.
In the actual production of gravity separation, most of them are low-grade barite ores, which are often closely associated with other metallic and non-metallic minerals during the mineralization process, and manual selection often cannot meet industrial needs.
At present, barite ore (including its hand-dressed tailings) generally adopts heavy separation equipment such as jig and shaker.
In order to reduce the impact of particle size on selection, reselection is often selected according to particle size classification.
For barite complex ore with complex associated minerals, as well as barite ore with fine mineral inlays, low grade of ore, and high grade of concentrate, it is difficult to achieve the goal by gravity separation, and further separation must be combined with flotation.
3.
Magnetic separation When barite and siderite, magnetite, hematite and other magnetic minerals co-exist, magnetic separation is an effective separation method, which can obtain high-grade concentrate products for the production of barium-based Raw materials for medicines.
For ferromagnetic minerals with finer particle size in barite, dry-type strong magnetic separators or wet high-gradient strong magnetic separators are usually used for processing.
Due to the gradual depletion of barite ore resources, the composition of the ore is becoming increasingly complex, and there are strict requirements on the grade and fineness of barite products in the application.
Gravity separation and other methods can no longer meet the demand, and flotation has gradually become the current separation priority.
The main method of spar.
4.
Flotation is not only an important way to process complex ores in traditional beneficiation methods, but also a commonly used method for the purification of salt minerals.
The interaction between the collector and the barite mineral has a great influence on the grade and recovery rate of the barite concentrate.
At the same time, when flotation separates associated minerals with similar floatability to barite, effective inhibitors can increase the difference in floatability between the two, which is also one of the keys to the separation of barite flotation.
Therefore, both inhibitors and collectors play a very important role in the flotation process of barite ore.
Under normal flotation conditions, the recovery rate of barite can reach more than 80%, and the collectors used also have good foaming properties, so barite flotation rarely involves activators and foaming agents.
the study.
In addition, flotation mainly occurs on the surface of barite minerals.
The quality of flotation is also closely related to the floatability of barite, surface electrical properties, the strength of agent adsorption, and the pH value of the flotation environment.
.
5.
Leaching purification Leaching purification is mainly used to remove colored impurities such as carbon, iron, manganese, vanadium and nickel in barite.
Their presence affects the whiteness and application prospects of barite concentrates.
The main methods to remove these impurities are: acid (alkali) leaching method, organic acid complex method, oxidation method, oxidation-reduction bleaching method, etc.
Acid (alkali) leaching treatment is to use acid (alkali) to react with the metal or metal oxide attached to the surface of the mineral to form a compound that is soluble in water or dilute acid, and then filter and wash to separate the soluble matter to achieve The purpose of impurity removal and purification, and improvement of the ore level.
Commonly used acid leaching agents are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid and hydrofluoric acid, of which sulfuric acid is the most used; sodium hydroxide is often used for alkaline leaching.
Organic acid complexing method is to add organic acid in the process of removing iron impurities, such as EDTA, ascorbic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid.
These acids can dissolve iron oxides and form complexes to achieve a good iron removal effect.
.
The oxidation method uses an oxidant to oxidize the associated iron minerals in the minerals into soluble iron salts, and at the same time oxidize the organic matter, turning it into a colorless oxide that can be easily washed away.
Commonly used oxidants are hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, but the cost of hydrogen peroxide is higher than that of sodium hypochlorite.
The oxidation-reduction bleaching method is to first use an oxidizing agent to react with the coloring substance in the barite, dissolve the coloring substance, and then add the reducing agent sodium dithionite or sodium thiosulfate to reduce the impurity Fe3+ to Fe2+, and then filter and wash to achieve purification.
The purpose of whitening.
6.
Calcination and purification Calcination is an effective method for purification and whitening of barite, which can directly remove the moisture in the ore and impurities that can be oxidized and decomposed at high temperature.
In industrial production, dyeing impurities such as Fe2O3, TiO2 and organic matter are distributed in the barite crystals or cracks to make the ore gray, green, blue and black.
When it is rich in titanium, it appears light gray, yellow, and dark.
Blue and gray reduce the purity and whiteness of barite.
Calcining can volatilize the color-causing organic matter.
The appropriate calcination temperature and time should be based on the premise that the mineral crystals are not destroyed and the organic matter is volatilized to the maximum.
In addition, adding chloride during the calcination process is beneficial to improve the whiteness of the calcination.
On the whole, traditional physical beneficiation methods such as hand separation, gravity separation and magnetic separation have little effect on the development of some low-grade barite ore.
In most cases, it is necessary to combine flotation to obtain qualified concentrates.
The development and use of flotation combination reagents is an important means to improve the flotation index of barite concentrates, and it is also the development trend of reagent research in the future.
Traditional barite beneficiation products are only targeted at low value-added fields such as petrochemicals, such as weighting agents and barium-containing chemical products.
Improving the fineness and whiteness of barium sulfate, developing high-purity barium salts and barium sulfate, and using physical and chemical methods to increase the added value of barite are the goals pursued in the future.
Because of its high density, low hardness, stable chemical properties, non-toxicity, and absorption of radioactive rays, it is widely used in petroleum, chemical, building materials, paint and other fields.
An important strategic non-metallic mineral.
As my country's dominant mineral, barite is mainly distributed in provinces such as Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu and Shaanxi.
However, with the expansion of its application fields and the accelerated consumption of resources, easy-to-select high-grade barite ore has been declining.
At present, the proportion of barite commercial-grade rich ore grades higher than 90% has declined.
The grade of BaSO4 in most deposits is 50% to 90%, and it is often associated with galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, fluorite, and silicon.
The symbiosis of acid salt and carbonate minerals requires ore beneficiation before they can be used.
The beneficiation methods of barite mainly include manual selection, gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching and calcination.
Among them, the beneficiation of barite ore associated with sulfide ore usually adopts flotation method or combined process of gravity separation and flotation to recover barite after removing sulfide ore.
1.
Hand-selected for high-grade barite ore after coarse crushing, according to the color and gloss of the associated ore, hand-selected massive barite.
The manual selection method is simple, convenient and easy to implement, low cost, low equipment dependence, but high ore requirements, and low production efficiency, which will cause a great waste of resources.
2.
In the actual production of gravity separation, most of them are low-grade barite ores, which are often closely associated with other metallic and non-metallic minerals during the mineralization process, and manual selection often cannot meet industrial needs.
At present, barite ore (including its hand-dressed tailings) generally adopts heavy separation equipment such as jig and shaker.
In order to reduce the impact of particle size on selection, reselection is often selected according to particle size classification.
For barite complex ore with complex associated minerals, as well as barite ore with fine mineral inlays, low grade of ore, and high grade of concentrate, it is difficult to achieve the goal by gravity separation, and further separation must be combined with flotation.
3.
Magnetic separation When barite and siderite, magnetite, hematite and other magnetic minerals co-exist, magnetic separation is an effective separation method, which can obtain high-grade concentrate products for the production of barium-based Raw materials for medicines.
For ferromagnetic minerals with finer particle size in barite, dry-type strong magnetic separators or wet high-gradient strong magnetic separators are usually used for processing.
Due to the gradual depletion of barite ore resources, the composition of the ore is becoming increasingly complex, and there are strict requirements on the grade and fineness of barite products in the application.
Gravity separation and other methods can no longer meet the demand, and flotation has gradually become the current separation priority.
The main method of spar.
4.
Flotation is not only an important way to process complex ores in traditional beneficiation methods, but also a commonly used method for the purification of salt minerals.
The interaction between the collector and the barite mineral has a great influence on the grade and recovery rate of the barite concentrate.
At the same time, when flotation separates associated minerals with similar floatability to barite, effective inhibitors can increase the difference in floatability between the two, which is also one of the keys to the separation of barite flotation.
Therefore, both inhibitors and collectors play a very important role in the flotation process of barite ore.
Under normal flotation conditions, the recovery rate of barite can reach more than 80%, and the collectors used also have good foaming properties, so barite flotation rarely involves activators and foaming agents.
the study.
In addition, flotation mainly occurs on the surface of barite minerals.
The quality of flotation is also closely related to the floatability of barite, surface electrical properties, the strength of agent adsorption, and the pH value of the flotation environment.
.
5.
Leaching purification Leaching purification is mainly used to remove colored impurities such as carbon, iron, manganese, vanadium and nickel in barite.
Their presence affects the whiteness and application prospects of barite concentrates.
The main methods to remove these impurities are: acid (alkali) leaching method, organic acid complex method, oxidation method, oxidation-reduction bleaching method, etc.
Acid (alkali) leaching treatment is to use acid (alkali) to react with the metal or metal oxide attached to the surface of the mineral to form a compound that is soluble in water or dilute acid, and then filter and wash to separate the soluble matter to achieve The purpose of impurity removal and purification, and improvement of the ore level.
Commonly used acid leaching agents are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid and hydrofluoric acid, of which sulfuric acid is the most used; sodium hydroxide is often used for alkaline leaching.
Organic acid complexing method is to add organic acid in the process of removing iron impurities, such as EDTA, ascorbic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid.
These acids can dissolve iron oxides and form complexes to achieve a good iron removal effect.
.
The oxidation method uses an oxidant to oxidize the associated iron minerals in the minerals into soluble iron salts, and at the same time oxidize the organic matter, turning it into a colorless oxide that can be easily washed away.
Commonly used oxidants are hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, but the cost of hydrogen peroxide is higher than that of sodium hypochlorite.
The oxidation-reduction bleaching method is to first use an oxidizing agent to react with the coloring substance in the barite, dissolve the coloring substance, and then add the reducing agent sodium dithionite or sodium thiosulfate to reduce the impurity Fe3+ to Fe2+, and then filter and wash to achieve purification.
The purpose of whitening.
6.
Calcination and purification Calcination is an effective method for purification and whitening of barite, which can directly remove the moisture in the ore and impurities that can be oxidized and decomposed at high temperature.
In industrial production, dyeing impurities such as Fe2O3, TiO2 and organic matter are distributed in the barite crystals or cracks to make the ore gray, green, blue and black.
When it is rich in titanium, it appears light gray, yellow, and dark.
Blue and gray reduce the purity and whiteness of barite.
Calcining can volatilize the color-causing organic matter.
The appropriate calcination temperature and time should be based on the premise that the mineral crystals are not destroyed and the organic matter is volatilized to the maximum.
In addition, adding chloride during the calcination process is beneficial to improve the whiteness of the calcination.
On the whole, traditional physical beneficiation methods such as hand separation, gravity separation and magnetic separation have little effect on the development of some low-grade barite ore.
In most cases, it is necessary to combine flotation to obtain qualified concentrates.
The development and use of flotation combination reagents is an important means to improve the flotation index of barite concentrates, and it is also the development trend of reagent research in the future.
Traditional barite beneficiation products are only targeted at low value-added fields such as petrochemicals, such as weighting agents and barium-containing chemical products.
Improving the fineness and whiteness of barium sulfate, developing high-purity barium salts and barium sulfate, and using physical and chemical methods to increase the added value of barite are the goals pursued in the future.
