[science popularization] is HPV vaccination equivalent to entering the "safe"? Interpretation of the authority of SFDA

Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer, is one of the most common gynecological malignancies It is the second highest incidence of cancer among 15-44-year-old women in China, second only to breast cancer At the same time, it is the only cancer with clear etiology and early detection and prevention HPV (human papillomavirus) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer At present, the most direct and effective way to prevent cervical cancer is to vaccinate HPV vaccine HPV vaccine is the first vaccine for the prevention of malignant tumors in human beings It has attracted the attention of many women since it was launched in China So is HPV vaccine suitable for all women? Is it the only precaution? Is vaccination equivalent to getting into the "safe"? This afternoon, experts from the State Food and Drug Administration interpreted this It is very common to prevent HPV infection in cervical cancer by three-level prevention Most men and women who have sex will be infected with HPV According to the official website of the State Food and drug administration, there are more than 150 subtypes of HPV, and more than 40 subtypes can cause infection around the genitals of men and women Most infected people have no obvious symptoms, but some of them may cause health problems, including genital warts and some cancers Currently, about 70% of cervical cancer worldwide is caused by HPV16 and HPV18 "At present, there are three levels of prevention and control system for cervical cancer in the world The first level of prevention refers to the elimination of etiology and high-risk factors, and HPV vaccination is the main means The screening and treatment of cervical precancerous lesions belong to secondary prevention Third level prevention means further examination and treatment of cervical screening positive patients, and blocking the lesions in the early stage of cancer " Zhao Liang, chief physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, told reporters At present, the bivalent and tetravalent vaccines on the market in China can prevent and control 70% of cervical cancer risk, while the bivalent vaccine can prevent 90% of cervical cancer According to their age and economic situation, the public can choose to vaccinate different types of HPV vaccine under the guidance of doctors However, Zhao Liang cautioned that HPV vaccination could not replace the current screening methods and cervical histological examination Wang Yue, chief physician of Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, reminded that the vaccine has not been proved to have therapeutic effect, and that women who have had sex should be screened for viruses, and that double screening, namely TCT (liquid-based thin-layer cell test) and HPV screening, should be done "Because it takes a long time from HPV infection to cervical cancer, it can be screened every three to five years." Wang Yue suggested Experts believe that at present, China's secondary and tertiary prevention work has been quite mature and must be actively used Wang Yue reminded that if patients found precancerous lesions, we must actively cooperate with the treatment Patients with low-risk lesions can be observed first, but patients with high-risk lesions are likely to develop cancer Usually, the patients need to be reexamined to prevent recurrence Three vaccines against different subtypes of HPV reporter learned that at present, there are three kinds of HPV vaccines The first one is bivalent vaccine, mainly for HPV16 and HPV18 subtypes Three doses of vaccine were inoculated in 0, 1 and 6 months Bivalent HPV vaccine can prevent 70% of cervical cancer, but it can not prevent genital warts It is only recommended for women The second is the tetravalent vaccine, which can fight against HPV16, HPV18, HPV6 and HPV11 infection, in which HPV6 and HPV11 subtypes are 90% of genital warts Three doses of tetravalent vaccine were inoculated at 0, 2 and 6 months The third is the nine valent vaccine, which adds five new types of HPV, including HPV31, HPV33, hpv45, hpv52 and HPV58 HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, vaginal cancer and other cancers, but also can prevent genital warts and other diseases In terms of the age of vaccination, the domestic approved target of bivalent HPV vaccine is women aged 9-45; the domestic approved target of bivalent HPV vaccine is women aged 20-45; and the 9valent HPV vaccine is suitable for women aged 16-26 Zhang Kun, deputy director of gynecology at Peking University Third Hospital, reminded that those who had serious allergic reactions to HPV vaccine or any of its components (protein, yeast), fever, pregnant women, and women planning to be pregnant could not be vaccinated Those who have hypersensitivity to the active ingredients or any adjuvant ingredients of the HPV vaccine are prohibited, including those who have hypersensitivity symptoms after the injection of the approved nine price or four price HPV vaccine, and should not be vaccinated again Although the vaccine is effective, we still need to pay attention to the safety of sexual behavior The HPV vaccine is mainly made of tiny proteins that "look like real HPV" It does not contain any live virus, inactivated virus or virus DNA, so it is unlikely to cause cervical cancer or other related diseases According to the public report, the effectiveness of the vaccine is much higher than expected, and even people who are not vaccinated can benefit from it "This is because the number of people who are infected with HPV decreases, so does the probability of people who are not vaccinated HPV vaccine may have slight short-term adverse reactions, including pain, redness and allergy For its long-term adverse reactions, the current data is limited " Zhang Kun said Experts remind that everyone should be vaccinated in a safe way to prevent being cheated It is worth noting that "purchasing on behalf of others" can not ensure the source of the vaccine At the same time, the vaccine is required to be kept at low temperature, and it is likely to fail in the transportation process of "purchasing on behalf of others" In addition, the State Food and drug administration also pointed out that the protective effect of HPV vaccine is limited, which can not solve all problems Cervical HPV infection is a kind of sexually transmitted disease, which should be strictly controlled by personal sexual behavior; for the general public, especially teenagers, we should make them understand the sources of infection, transmission routes, disease manifestations, hazards, treatment and prevention measures of sexually transmitted diseases, and actively prevent the occurrence of the disease.