Scientists have developed a new type of cancer therapy, CAR-haNKs cell therapy.

This engineered cell therapy can be used as an alternative treatment for cancer patients who have previously failed with immunotherapy (based on The activation of T cells), and in recent years, new therapies called T-cell therapy or CAR-T cell therapy have been used by clinicians to treat a variety of cancer patients, including blood cancer, however, these T-cell therapies rely on the patient's own T-cell reprogramming ability to reprogram the embedded antigen receptor (CAR) to attack tumor cells, and the reprogramming process of the patient's own T-cells is very expensive and cumbersomeHighly affinity natural killer cells (haNKs) represent a potential "off-the-shelf" cell therapy that does not rely on reprogramming of the patient's autoimmune cells, which can be produced in large numbers and available to any patient required for treatment, but the presence of immunosuppressive myelin cells in the tumor microenvironment remains an obstacle to effective immunotherapy, including NKha cells-based therapiesTo address this problem, in this study, researchers used haNKs, which express CAR, to target the procedural death factor ligand 1 (PD-L1, programd die ligand 1), a factor that is produced in large numbers by cancer cells and immunosuppressive myelin cells, and is also responsible for suppressing the immune system function of the host bodyResearcher Clint Allen said: 'We tested the effect of engineered PD-L1 haNKs and common haNKs on resistance to head and neck cancer cells in humans and mice, and found that the expression of PD-L1 CAR was compared to haNKs cells without CARHaNKs cells can effectively kill tumor cells in mice and human bodies, and even if they have been exposed to PD-L1 cells before, this ability can be preserved, which is important because natural killer cells are thought to be depleted after killing target cellsIn the mouse body of head and neck cancer, haNK cell-based therapy can cure about 30% of mice, but also can slow the growth of tumors in other mice body without any toxic effect; To investigate whether this effect on immune cells can occur in the patient's body, the researchers gave white blood cells from the body of high-level head and neck cancer patients carrying PD-L1 haNK cells, and as observed in mice, when treated with PD-L1 haNK cells, the level of immunosuppressive myelin cells carrying PD-L1 decreased significantly, suggesting that the therapy can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also remove immune-suppressing cellsThe results of this paper show that the expression of PD-L1 CAR haNK cells may overcome some of the limitations of conventional immunotherapy that relies on T-cell activation, and can also be used to treat patients who fail or are not sensitive to therapy using existing immunotherapy, and the next step will be to apply this treatment to clinical trials to see the safety and efficiency of PD-L1 haNks in the treatment of high-level or recurrent cancer patients, while the researchers hope to clarify whether the effectiveness of the treatment of hhaNK therapy with other therapeutics can be effectiveOriginal origins: Yvette Robbins, Sarah Greene, Jay Friedman, et alcontrolControl via target pD-L1 with chimeric antigen terraration modified NK, eLife (2020)DOI: 10.7554/eLife.54854.