Scientists have discovered a molecular mechanism that controls the coloring of red apples

red apple, everyone loves it. But why apple peels can evolve seductive red is an interesting and complex question.
April 2nd, Nature-Newsletter published the latest results from Chinese scientists online, explaining the mystery of why Apple is so red. On the basis of completing the sequencing of pure high-quality genomes in apple flower cultivation, the apple resources and breeding innovation team of the Fruit Tree Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as fruit tree institute) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has revealed the molecular mechanism of inverse seat control of red apple coloring.
" cultivated apples are usually duelixes, and the genome is highly hybrid and replicated throughout the genome, making it difficult to sequence and assemble the genomes of conventional species. Zhang Liyi, the paper's first author, told China Science daily that pure line can be obtained by using flower culture, which reduces assembly difficulties and obtains higher-quality genome sequencing results.
The so-called flower medicine culture, is the pollen development to a certain stage of flower medicine inoculation to artificial culture on the culture, do not undergo sperm and cell division, in order to form pollen embryo or healing tissue and then differentiate into complete plants. The research team has been carrying out pure-line cultivation of apple flower medicine for a long time, and created a series of varieties of flower medicine-cultivating pure-line, which has laid an important foundation for the study of apple genetic theory and genome sequencing.
Paper communication author, fruit tree research fellow Cong Peihua told the China Science Daily, in the past apple genome sequencing is to "golden crown" varieties as the material, the golden crown is also known as yellow banana, Yellow Marshal, Jin Shuai, mature surface golden, red halo. This resequencing, they and Wuhan Futur group biotechnology Co. , Ltd. to "cold rich" apple flower medicine cultivation pure HFTH1 as a material, based on the third generation of sequencing technology for genome-wide sequencing, assembled the world's most complete apple genome (contigN50 is 6.99M).
" new genotype apple genome provides a new reference sequence for the world scientific community to study apple molecular breeding. Cong Peihua said.
compared with the published crown genome, the researchers obtained a large number of structural variations, providing important information for understanding the genetic diversity of apples of different genotypes, the development of molecular markers, and molecular breeding. At the same time, "Cold rich" is a cold, disease-resistant, drought-resistant and well-known varieties, this high-quality genome for the future analysis of apple resistance molecular mechanism laid the foundation, will greatly promote apple resistance breeding.
based on a comparison of the two genotypes, the researchers revealed the molecular mechanisms of red apple coloring.
combined with 148 apple natural groups and a hybrid combination of separation groups, they found that a Gypsy-like inverse used as an enhancer to control apple coloring. This enhancer is named redTE.
" is the result of the lack of this enhancer and the inability to effectively synthesize anthotin. Zhang Liyi said.
Hen Peihua further deduced that a series of red bud varieties are the congener and its regulated genes, combined with the surrounding environment caused by the results of the congenital genetic results, which undoubtedly enhance and enrich the scientists' understanding and understanding of apple coloring. More importantly, based on the molecular markers developed by this inverse seat, fruit color pre-selection can be carried out with precision.
research has been funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the basic scientific research business expenses of the central-level public welfare research institutes. (Source: Science Network Li Chen Hewen)
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