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Biotechnology Channel News: Stem cells in natural embryos are "all-powerful" cells that can differentiate into all types of cells.
Swiss scientists have discovered that the secret to the all-powerful properties of embryonic cells lies in a protein.
The protein, calledGrame 17, is found in early embryonic cells and prevents DNA (deoxyriucleic acid) codes in the genome from being "sealed" and keeping the genome open, according to a press release from the University of Zurich in Switzerland.
All cells carry a full set of genetic information about the organism, but differentiated cells, such as blood, bones, and nerve cells, call only the part of the DNA code associated with their own function, and the rest of the code is hung with methyl groups, and gene expression is inhibited."
methylation, the more open the genome is and the greater the potential for cell differentiation.
fertilized eggs are in the blastocyst stage, there is a cluster of cells called "inner cell groups" that have truly all-powerful properties.
these cells are extracted, allowing them to reproduce indefinitely in laboratory petri dishes without differentiation, and the resulting embryonic stem cell differentiation potential is also strong, but it is still inferior to the inner cell population.
researchers report in the new issue of Nature Cell Biology that genes that control the synthesis of the Model 17 protein are active in the cell population, but less active in cultured embryonic stem cells.
to enhance the expression of the gene in artificial embryonic stem cells, can reduce the level of methylation throughout the genome.
The Perame 17 protein works only in the first few days of embryonic development, but is essential for maintaining normal development.
experiments have found that if the genes involved are switched off, genomic methylation levels rise sharply and stem cells stop developing, leading to embryo death.
the discovery could help increase the differentiation potential of artificial embryonic stem cells for medical research and organ repair.
team hopes to develop a way to treat severe bone damage with stem cells.
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