"Snipe" new coronavirus - clarify the things of interferon atomization!

Novel coronavirus began to rage in Wuhan and even the whole country in the beginning of 2020 Weak question: is there a way to cure it? Sorry, not at the moment A novel coronavirus, a newly discovered virus, is not currently available for specific drugs and there is no effective antiviral treatment All the treatments are symptomatic support treatment, according to the clinical situation of patients to make corresponding treatment The disease can be cured by the patient's own immunity The novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan issued by the national health and Health Committee is being tested in the third edition to the fifth edition of antiviral treatment It is recommended that clinical use of alpha interferon inhalation However, there are still many questions in the use of interferon alpha! _Q1: the same as interferon, can interferon - β or interferon - γ be used instead of interferon - α? A: different interferons have different receptors for signal transmission and play different roles α - interferon and β - SJ belong to type I interferon Through paracrine action, neighboring cells are in antiviral state and play an important role in virus control Interferon - γ belongs to type II interferon, also known as immune interferon By inducing infected cells to express virus antigens, it increases the probability of the immune system to recognize and kill virus infected cells The clinical application of interferon should be selected according to the therapeutic purpose Interferon, which is approved globally for the treatment of viral diseases, is mainly α - interferon Key points: novel coronavirus pneumonia should not be treated with beta interferon or interferon gamma Q2: is there any difference in clinical efficacy among three subtypes of interferon α 1b, α 2a and α 2B? A: in the treatment of viral diseases, the efficacy of interferon α 2B and gankangsu α 1b is better than or equal to that of interferon α 2A Interferon α 2B can be produced in normal human body, while dry antibody α 2a is a heterologous protein Therefore, the production rate of neutralizing antibody of dry antibody α 2b is lower than that of interferon α 2A In other words, interferon α 2B may be more effective in long-term treatment But there are also studies that different subtypes of interferon clinical efficacy has no difference Generally speaking, the antiviral activities of IFN α 1b, α 2a and α 2B do differ, but whether this difference has clinical significance remains to be further studied Key points: interferon α 1b, α 2a and α 2B can be used in the trial of interferon α in the treatment of pneumonia caused by new type of virus Q3: why is aerosol inhalation of interferon alpha recommended instead of intramuscular or subcutaneous injection? A: This may be related to the mechanism of interferon Interferon - α has a certain immunoregulatory effect and can enhance the virus clearance ability of adaptive immune cells However, in acute infection, immune enhancement may also start inflammatory reaction and tissue damage, aggravating the progress of the disease The inhaled interferon α was mainly distributed in the respiratory tract, combined with the receptors on the surface of respiratory mucosal epithelial cells and alveolar cells, and induced to produce a variety of antiviral proteins to establish an "antiviral state", limiting the further replication and spread of the virus After inhaling interferon α for 2 hours, it can be distributed to the lung tissue, and then maintain a high concentration in the lung tissue to play an antiviral role, and its systemic effect is small The key point is novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan, and recommend alpha interferon for aerosol inhalation Q4: there are many side effects of interferon - α in the manual What should we pay attention to in use? A: If interferon alpha is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, the drug will be distributed throughout the body, which may cause the release of cytokines Therefore, the most common adverse reactions are fever, headache, fatigue, muscle ache and other flu like symptoms The possibility of influenza like symptoms is very small when α - interferon is inhaled in the recommended dose range In the treatment of novel coronavirus, interferon alpha is mainly used in the initial and lower doses, plus local drugs, and the possibility of transient peripheral blood neutrophils and thrombocytopenia is also very small Key points: the incidence of adverse reactions of IFN - α inhaled by atomization is relatively low, so there is no need to worry about it Once any discomfort is found during the medication, contact a doctor or pharmacist in time _Tips: interferon atomization inhalation belongs to "over instruction medication", which must be included in the national management of "over instruction medication" When using, it should follow the principle of "over instruction medication" and relevant guidelines or consensus Tips: it is forbidden for those who have a history of allergy to recombinant human interferon α or adjuvant ingredients, severe respiratory failure, heart disease or epilepsy, and other serious diseases that cannot be tolerated Tips: alpha interferon eyedrops, aerosols, sprays and long-acting injections should not be inhaled The adjuvant contains preservatives (such as phenol, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid or nitrous salt) or α - dry antibiotic injection containing hydroxyethyl starch, cellulose and its derivatives, which may cause damage and inflammation of respiratory mucosa, so it is not suitable for atomization inhalation Tips: it is not suitable to use ultrasonic atomizer when atomizing dry antibiotics It is recommended to use jet atomizer Penicillin