Successful intervention of us in bacterial protein manufacturing process helps to understand the disease process

Scientists in the United States have successfully modified the protein manufacturing mechanism of E.coli by expanding the genetic code of E.coli, so that they can synthesize protein forms that can simulate the natural state or disease state, which is expected to completely change the current situation of many disease research and treatment The research is published in the new issue of science Since the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was revealed in the 1950s, scientists have been trying to clarify the "personality" of genetic code Recent breakthroughs in the field of research and synthetic biology for decades have enabled scientists to modify the genetic code in biological organisms and even modify the "formula" of life The Yale team, led by Dieter soscher, a professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry, has found a new way to influence protein behavior Proteins perform almost all functions of life The team significantly changed the function of proteins by inducing phosphorylation, a fundamental process that occurs in all life forms The guidelines for protein phosphorylation are not directly incorporated into DNA, but appear after protein manufacture As a result, they extended the genetic code of E.coli, incorporated phosphoserine into DNA, modified these rules, and for the first time led the phosphorylation process of proteins through DNA Now, new technology enables scientists to make proteins from the naturally occurring phosphorylation state of human proteins, which is very important for scientists to understand the disease process Previously, scientists were unable to study proteins in the phosphorylation or activation state of proteins, which hindered their research on cancer, and the sign of cancer was that a large number of protein activation states were destroyed Jesse Reinhardt, a Yale University professor of cell and molecular physiology who co authored the study, said: "what we do is fiddle with the biological switches that turn proteins on or off, which gives us a new way to study diseases and develop new drugs." Soscher and Reinhardt are now trying to make proteins related to cancer, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, but they also stress that the latest technology can be used to make any type of protein Michael bender, director of protein synthesis at NIH's National Academy of Medical Sciences, said the latest research provides a powerful tool for scientists to reveal how cells regulate many processes, including cell division, differentiation and new metabolism (Science and technology daily)