The body's ability to detoxify is also inseparable from the intestinal bacteria

in our modern world, environmental toxins are everywhere, and exposure to high concentrations of environmental toxins is associated with certain chronic diseases. We usually think of the liver as the main part of the body for detoxification, but in fact the gut and gut microorganisms play an extremely important role in determining the toxicity of compounds.as we learn more about the gut bacteri group, we find that it is more and more closely related to our physiological functions. There is a link between intestinal bacteri groups and skin, allergies, thyroid glands, autoimmune diseases, brain health, food cravings, bone health, eye health, and even human evolution. For this content, we have discussed in the past, interested friends can go through this public number previously published articles. Today, we will focus on the role of gut microbiotics in detoxifying and even, in some cases, poisoning.why do we need detoxification?chemicals in the environment play an important role in mental health, neurodegenerative diseases, liver and kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Environmental toxins are at least part of the reason for the growing prevalent of obesity and diabetes.in a modern environment, having a functioning detox system is obviously important for maintaining our health. Contaminants, hormones, heavy metals, food toxins, pathogens and cell waste all require specific processes to remove them from the body. Environmental toxins are an obvious but often overlooked problem, and detoxification requires reducing exposure to poisons on the one hand and increasing the body's ability to detoxify on the other. Gut microbes are the first line of defense against toxins, so how exactly do they get involved?the intestines are also detoxifying organs so-called detoxification is the process by which toxins are transformed into non-toxic or low-toxic substances after a series of chemical reactions. We generally think of three main stages of detoxification: the first phase of : cytochrome P450 and other enzymes introduce polar groups through oxidation, reduction or hydrolyzing;
Phase II: Conjugate through processes such as methylation, acetylation or sulfonation; phase III of
: further modification and discharge of cytochrome P450 in phaseis often considered to be the first line of defense against environmental toxins, however, this is incorrect. Our epithelial barriers (such as the intestines, mouth, skin and lungs) and microbes associated with the surface of the mucous membranes are the real first line of defense against toxins. Not only do they directly alter the chemical structure of the compound, but they also affect the function of the barrier and thus the absorption of the compound.chemicals that come into contact through the mouth must pass through the intestines before they can enter the liver through a door vein. These compounds can only enter the systemic circulation through the liver. In this way, we can think of the intestines and intestinal bacteria as earlier detoxification sites that occur before the ingested substance reaches the liver. The gut also plays an important role in the second phase of detoxification, which we'll discuss in more detail later.the role of gut bacteria is not always good the interaction between gut bacteria and toxins is not always beneficial to human hosts. In many cases, the gut bacterium helps detoxify, but in some cases, the gut bacteria may increase the toxicity of various compounds. This effect seems to be more pronounced in the case of intestinal bacterial disorders. Intestinal bacteria can affect all aspects of environmental toxin treatment, including absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretation. They can do this in a number of ways.directly alter the chemical activity of toxinsthe first way gut bacteria affect toxin exposure is to directly alter the chemical structure and activity of toxins.Ennational pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a known strong carcinogen and a major environmental pollutant affecting human health, mainly from a variety of soot (including soot, soot and wood smoke, etc.) and a variety of open-fire roasted food. In-body studies have shown that gut microorganisms can convert polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into biologically active estrogen metabolites. Without these microorganisms, most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pass harmlessly through the intestines without being absorbed, and polycyclic aromatics become harmful only when they are metabolized by microorganisms.heavy metals have also been found in human and mouse models that gut microbes can substitute inorganic arsenic sulfur and methylation, resulting in arsenic metabolites that are much more toxic than inorganic arsenic. Interestingly, the Gut bacteria associated with the Western diet are more capable of producing toxic methylated arsenic than diets with high dietary fiber. These toxic arsenic metabolites can also more easily pass through the intestinal cortical barrier.dietary composition in addition to making heavy metals more toxic, gut bacteria can also convert harmless dietary compounds into potentially toxic metabolites. You may be familiar with TMAO, which is produced by microorganisms converting choline from food into triamide (TMA), which then enters the liver and oxidizes. Some studies have shown that triamide oxide may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. However, a large amount of triamide oxide is formed in the serum only when there are bacteria that convert exogenous substances into methamphetamine. In addition, a compound found in extra virgin olive oil has been shown to inhibit the formation of methamphetamine in-body, indicating the importance of diet.gut microbes can also detoxify certain dietary compounds. For example, many plant-based foods contain herbal acid, a chelating agent that binds to calcium, magnesium and other mineral cations. High herbic acid levels can lead to high herbic acid urination, kidney stones, and even kidney failure. Mammals themselves lack enzymes to detoxify oxalic acid and therefore rely on biotranscing of gut bacteria such as oxalic acid.detoxifying and absorbing pathways with microbial metabolites metabolites produced by the gut microbiome may also compete with host enzymes in the detoxification pathway. For example, commonly used painkillers on acetaminophen (paracetamol) after the drug, the vast majority of glucose acidification or sulfonation in the liver and the formation of non-toxic paracetamol glucosalic acid or sulfuric acid paracetamol, excreted by the kidneys through the urinary tract. One study found that people with high levels of paracetamol in their urine had lower levels of paracetamol in their urine. This is because gut microbial metabolites compete with sulfonase for methylphenol, reducing the sulfonation capacity of paracetamol.intestinal microbial metabolites may also compete with toxins or drugs in the absorption pathway. For example, primary bile acid may compete with intestinal transporter that promotes statin absorption. As a result, an increase in the metabolism of bile acid by gut microorganisms increases the absorption of statins.intestinal bacteria affect the role of detoxifying enzymes intestinal virtos can also indirectly affect the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Studies have shown that some cytochrome P450 enzymes in sterile mice involved in the first stage of detoxification were significantly less expressed than those conventionally reared mice with normal intestinal bacteria. Other studies have found that sterile rats have higher levels of the second stage of liver detoxification enzyme sulfonyl transferase and the first and second stage of detoxification enzymes in the colon. Therefore, sterile mice and conventional mice expressed the detoxase spectrum is different.diet also plays an important role in shaping the relationship between intestinal bacteria and detoxification. Outside the body, short-chain fatty acids produced by fermented dietary fibers by gut bacteria have been shown to increase the expression of the second stage detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase in colon cells. In addition, animal studies have shown that gut microorganisms may play a role in the ability of polyphenol compounds quercetin and uctrin to affect levels of the liver or intestinal second-stage detoxifying enzymes.the first stage of detoxification of the liver , many environmental toxins are excreted from the bile and metabolized in the gut during the second stage of metabolism. Gut microorganisms encode some phase II detoxifying enzymes with methylation, hydroxylation, sulfonation, and other modification capabilities. After modification, these compounds are often re-absorbed. This intestinal liver circulation may cause the compound to stay in the body for longer, so reducing the intestinal liver circulation may reduce toxicity. For example, PBDE-47 is an important industrial flame retardant, but as an environmental pollutant, its hereditary toxicity and carcinogenicity have attracted widespread attention. Studies have found that the intake of non-absorbent fat will shorten the circulation of the intestine liver, increase the discharge of PBDE-47.β-glucosinase is a second-stage detoxifying enzyme that is very important in the intestinal liver cycle and is involved in the activation of food-source carcinogens in the intestines. Genes associated with β glucosinase are found in the obesity-related microbiome, and increased activity of the enzyme and increased intestinal liver circulation of toxins may play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity or diabetes.intestinal bacteria and drug metabolism drugs also need metabolism and detoxification. Nearly a century ago, researchers discovered that gut microbes play a role in drug metabolism. Today, more than 50 drugs have been shown to be metabolized by gut bacteria. In fact, the degree to which the drug is metabolized by the gut, liver, and microbial enzymes ultimately determines the bio-use of the drug and the efficacy of the drug.drug development is also increasingly moving towards a comprehensive assessment of environmental and host factors, including gut bacteria. For example, a drug prep that contains acetic nitrogen bonds can make the drug biologically active when it reaches the intestines by using acetic nitrogen reductase from the gut microorganism. More and more studies are also using the patient's microbial metabolic spectrum to predict the efficacy of drug intervention.intestinal leakage overburdens the detoxification system gut microbes can also affect the detoxification process by affecting the function of the intestinal barrier. Intestinal bacteria disorders can lead to intestinal leakage, when the intestinal leakage occurs, large fragments of protein, food toxins, pathogens and bacterial components may leak into the veins. At this point, the burden on the liver is so heavy that the toxin must be removed before it enters the body's circulation.presence of these toxins in the blood and associated inflammation may be involved in the pathology of liver disease. In animal models, endotoxins (bacterial lipid polysaccharides) can reduce the expression of liver enzymes, such as particulate cyclooxide hydrolysases and glutathione-S-transferases, thereby reducing detoxification.skin bacteria and environmental toxins surfaces are potential routes to exposure to environmental toxins. The overall metabolic potential of the skin bacteria, like the gut bacteria, far exceeds that of human hosts. Preliminary evidence suggests that skin bacteria play a similar role in detoxification and poisoning.known interactions are skin microorganisms and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Skin microorganisms can metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzeneinto compounds with genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Skin exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be more common than oral exposure, as the most common sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are consumer goods such as cosmetics and contaminated air.environmental toxins destroy gut microbiota?intestinal bacteria affect the absorption, metabolism and excretion of environmental toxins. Environmental toxins, on the other hand, can also alter the composition of the gut bacteria, thereby impairing host health. Environmental toxins that have harmful effects on intestinal bacterium composition include antibiotics, chlorinated tap water, pesticides, heavy metals, etc.other words, environmental toxins can cause intestinal bacterial disorders, which in turn increase the toxicity of environmental toxins and their ability to be absorbed by the host.Then, in order to protect ourselves against environmental toxins in the modern environment, we should:minimize exposure to
support the body's detoxification pathways
culage a healthy gut bacteria and through these steps we can reduce the risk of many modern chronic inflammatory diseases associated with environmental toxins.
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