The development process of antibiotics produced by microbial fermentation

What are the microorganisms that ferment to produce antibiotics? In 1976, the Institute of Antibiotics of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences isolated innovative mycin from the culture of Jinan's swimming line bacteria, and clinically had a certain effect on sepsis, urinary system infection sepsis, urinary tract infection caused by Shigella and Ecoli, and was found to be a new type of structure of antibiotics found in ChinaThe following small section briefly introduces you to the process of microbial fermentation to produce antibiotics:p style"text-align: center; "the substances produced by microorganisms that can kill or inhibit microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi at low concentrations (micrograms/ml) and now include semi-synthetic antibiotics that are chemically modified by naturally occurring antibiotics, and that microbial products such as tumors and protozoa can be classified as antibioticsThere are many kinds of chemical structures of antibiotics, including sugars, peptides, proteins, nucleosides, polyenes, polyethers, endamides, large-loop esters, tetracyclic, ansa and so onAntibiotics are mainly used to treat microbial infections and fight cancerIt is also widely used in veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, food and biological products preservation, and the prevention and treatment of plant diseaseshas noticed intermicrobial antagonism as early as the 19th century; in 1876, JTindall discovered that strains of penicillin can kill bacteria in test tubes; 1877 and J.FJubert scientifically explained the antagonism between bacteria; and in 1885, VBabes observed it on solid mediaStaphylococcus aureus inhibited the growth of other staphylococcus and bacillus anthrax; in 1888, EFloydn Reicher noted the ability of pneumococcus and phosphorin to inhibit other microorganisms; and in 1894 Mechnikov studied the inhibition of RifybIn 1929, AFleming discovered that staphylococcus bacteria were dissolved around contaminated penicillin colonies and named the substance that was produced by penicillin as penicillin; Penicillin and its production, in 1941, were purified and the following year used clinically to treat bacterial infections, the first antibiotic used for medical treatment, S.AWaxman and others, were found in streptomycin in streptomycin and used to treat tuberculosis and bacterial infections since the research of microbial antibiotics has been active, so far found that microbiological lysage of about 6000 antibiotics, has more than 100 kinds of practical value Most of the microorganisms that produce antibiotics are soil micro-organisms, which are derived from silky fungi, yeast, bacteria and linebacteria, and are widely distributed Of the antibiotics found, about 13% are produced by fungi, less than 1% by lichen, about 12% by bacteria and about 67% by linebacteria About 90% of the antibiotics produced by linebacteria are produced by streptomycin Antibiotics are secondary metabolites of microorganisms and have little effect on the survival of microorganisms themselves Different microorganisms can produce the same antibiotic, and the same microorganism can produce antibiotics with different structures