The field of food and drug environmental protection calls for a high voice, and the new organization unified supervision

Source: on the eve of the 2018-03-05 national two sessions of minenet, a topic once again attracted attention from all walks of life: will there be new trends in the reform of the government's large-scale system in the new year? According to the plan of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a new round of institutional and administrative system reform should not only consider the establishment of all kinds of institutions as a whole, but also use all kinds of organizational resources as a whole, and give more autonomy to the governments at and below the provincial level; not only strengthen the overall design of ecological civilization construction, but also set up state-owned natural resource asset management and natural ecological supervision institutions A number of scholars said that the central ministries and commissions have room to further promote the reform of the ministry system At present, the reform of food and drug supervision system and environmental protection system is in high demand "We can try to consider a new model of large health and large market supervision Drugs, medical devices and special foods are included in the category of big health as high-risk varieties, and the work of general food safety is classified into the field of big market supervision " Hu Yinglian, an associate professor at the Ministry of social and cultural education and research of the State Administration College, who has long studied the food and drug regulatory system, told reporters recently In terms of environmental protection, according to the idea of "mountain, water, forest, farmland and lake" unified management and protection, the report of the 19th National Congress has made it clear that the state-owned natural resource asset management and natural ecology supervision institutions should be established In addition, some reform proposals have also been "cutting-edge" Food and drug administration is faced with the reform of the "big department system", which is characterized by the transfer of a variety of related matters to a department, so as to avoid the overlapping of government functions, the multi-channel and multi-channel administration, and improve the administrative efficiency In the view of experts, 20 years after the rise of China's food and drug regulatory system, there is still room for further reform and improvement, such as considering the new regulatory model of large health and large market The establishment of the State Food and Drug Administration in 1998 is the starting point of the reform of China's food and drug regulatory system In the following 20 years, the food and drug regulatory system has experienced several changes, from "vertical segmentation" to "territorial integration", as well as the reform and integration of food and drug regulatory agencies in 2013 The food safety regulatory agencies and teams formed by the governments at all levels integrating the quality supervision, industry and commerce, and food and drug supervision departments solved the basic problem of "Jiulong water control" through relatively centralized supervision After the comprehensive law enforcement reform of market supervision in 2014, some places also implemented the reform of "multi in one" of market supervision departments at the municipal and county levels However, the impact of comprehensive law enforcement on the specialty of food and drug supervision is still controversial In some places, the level and ability of food and drug safety supervision are not highlighted in the system reform The simple pursuit of institutional merger alienates the original intention of the reform "The report of the law enforcement inspection group of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress also states that the comprehensive law enforcement reform has weakened or even marginalized the function of food safety supervision in some places The comprehensive law enforcement reform has weakened the power of drug supervision Most of the supervisors are transferred from other departments, with aging personnel, lack of professional knowledge and serious loss of professional personnel." Said Hu Yinglian In addition, according to the general law, the large-scale areas of agricultural and animal husbandry production and food and drug production and processing should set up food and drug regulatory agencies alone to achieve the matching of regulation and industry, but the current situation is not so According to research statistics, only 48% of the top 500 food industry counties in China have food and drug regulatory agencies At present, the output of many agricultural products and food products in China has ranked first in the world, but the industry as a whole is "large but not strong", and the characteristics of unbalanced and inadequate development are particularly obvious The pharmaceutical industry is also the same At present, there are nearly 5000 pharmaceutical manufacturers in China After solving the problems of lack of medicine and industry growth, they are transforming from a big country of generic drugs to a powerful country of innovative drugs "There are more than 13 million food and drug production and operation entities in China, only 180000 food and drug supervisors, and the regulatory resources and tasks are structurally mismatched." Hu Yinglian said, "taking the road of food and drug safety management with Chinese characteristics in the new era, we can try to consider a new model of large health and large market supervision, that is, drugs, medical devices, special foods (including infant formula food, health food, special medical food) as high-risk varieties are included in the category of large health, and general food safety work is assigned to the field of large market supervision It can be considered to set up special centers for drugs, medical devices and special foods under the large health department, and appropriately allocate administrative levels when conditions permit, so as to form a closed loop of registration approval, supervision and inspection, inspection and handling of cases, and emergency disposal in terms of supervision, rather than the current segmented supervision " Mr Hu said Hu Yinglian believes that the approval and production of drugs and medical devices can all be under the vertical management of the state, and high-risk food varieties, especially special food supervision, major case handling and other professional affairs should also be managed from the national level At the same time, China's food and drug industry is faced with multiple tasks, such as industrial development, market order, quality and safety, which requires full and strong support from local governments at all levels "In the long run, food and drug safety should also be considered as a basic public service for the whole people Food and drug safety must establish a strategic, basic and long-term financial input guarantee mechanism to ensure the implementation of territorial responsibility " Said Hu Yinglian According to the 13th five year plan to promote the equalization of basic public services, Hu Yinglian said that some places have been drawing lessons from the practice in the field of public health, and scientifically measuring the per capita supervision funds and required supervision resources of the permanent population to avoid regional imbalance according to the indicators such as the number of sampling batches per thousand people, the number of professional inspectors, and the standardization rate of supervision team equipment Different from the concept of power expansion in the previous years, the new organization will perform its regulatory duties in a unified way, and the new round of environmental protection "big department" will be launched in the future with new concept support On the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, pointed out at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on several major issues concerning deepening the reform in a comprehensive way The use control and ecological restoration must follow the natural law If the trees are planted only, the water is controlled only, and the farmland is protected only, it is easy to lose one or the other, and eventually cause the systematic destruction of the ecology Xi Jinping pointed out that it is very necessary for a department to be responsible for unified protection and unified restoration of Shanshui Lintian lake At present, the functions of environmental protection in China are divided into three parts: the functions of pollution prevention and control are scattered in the departments of marine, port supervision, fishery administration, fishery supervision, environmental protection of the army, public security, transportation, railway, civil aviation, etc.; the functions of resource protection are scattered in the departments of mineral, forestry, agriculture, water conservancy, etc; The functions of comprehensive regulation and management are scattered in the development and Reform Commission, finance, economy and trade (industry and information technology), land and other departments The overlapping of functions results in the decentralization of law enforcement subjects and monitoring forces, and the prominent problems of multiple law enforcement in the field of environmental protection "Horizontal functions are scattered and lack of effective coordination; vertical supervision is weak and implementation constraints are insufficient." Chang Jiwen, deputy director of the Institute of resources and environmental policy of the development research center of the State Council, told reporters in June 2015 Wang Xi, director of the Institute of environmental and resource law of Shanghai Jiaotong University, has previously said that there are "fights" in different laws and regulations For example, Article 12 of the water law of the people's Republic of China revised in 2002 stipulates that "the water administrative department of the State Council shall be responsible for the unified management and supervision of water resources throughout the country" In fact, there have been three "unified management" departments in China's environmental administration: one is the environmental protection department authorized by Article 7 of the environmental protection law, which is responsible for the unified supervision and management of environmental protection; the other is the Ministry of land and resources, which was established in 1998, which is in charge of the unified supervision and management of national land, mineral resources, sea areas and other natural resources; Third, the water administrative department shall be responsible for the unified management and supervision of water resources throughout the country "This system of multi headed and unified management leads to the fact that everyone is in charge of the Department and no one is satisfied with it." Wang Xi said "We hope that the Ministry of environmental protection is a super departmental decision-making body, and at the same time, it can continuously strengthen its regulatory and law enforcement capabilities But all of this depends on the legal environment of the whole society " Zhang Shiqiu, a professor at the school of environmental science and engineering, Peking University, said According to the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we should strengthen the overall design and organizational leadership of the construction of ecological civilization, set up state-owned natural resources assets management and natural ecology supervision institutions, improve the ecological environment management system, exercise the responsibilities of all natural resources assets owners of the whole people, exercise the responsibilities of all land and space use control and ecological protection and restoration, and supervise all kinds of urban and rural pollution Responsibilities of pollution discharge and administrative law enforcement In China's institutional reform and management published in December 2017, Huang Lu, director of the second division of the editorial office of the CPC Central Committee, introduced that in recent years, China has made some attempts to strengthen regional environmental governance, which he summarized as four key words of "overall planning, integration, responsibility and Co governance" "The State Council has entrusted the Ministry of environmental protection with the responsibility of overall coordination, but due to the lack of sufficient authority and necessary means, the overall planning is not enough and the coordination is not in place." Huang Lu said that in order to achieve the overall protection and system restoration of the ecological environment, we must integrate the scattered ecological protection functions through factor integration, function integration and means integration, and effectively achieve the overall prevention and control of pollution prevention and control in the region According to the idea of "mountain, water, forest, field and lake" unified management and protection, the sustainable development strategy research group of Chinese Academy of Sciences put forward a set of plans: sorting out the property rights management functions of natural resources assets scattered in various departments, centralizing and establishing the natural resources assets management committee; Centralize the functions of natural resource protection and ecological protection scattered in the departments of land, agriculture, water conservancy, environmental protection and forestry, establish the Ministry of natural resources and ecological protection, coordinate the supervision of natural resources and ecological protection, and centralize the functions of pollution prevention and control scattered in the departments of ocean, water conservancy, housing and construction to the Ministry of environmental protection