The Himalayan rising current has made southern China a land of fish and rice.

What determines the diversity of species? What made the former desert south of china the land of fish and rice? What makes the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau more and more arid? How many secrets are still to be held in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau... On September 5, nearly 50 years after the launch of the first Qinghai-Tibet Science Examination, the first comprehensive scientific examination of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau released the first results.
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team leader, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Yao Dundong academician said that this is a "change" as the theme of the study, around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau environmental changes and their impact on the key issue.
at present, the first phase of the results of the condensing to "Himalayan belt uplift and environmental change" impact of 6 scientific discoveries and countermeasures.
the rise of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to lay the foundation of the world's biodiversity" The rise of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has changed the macro-terrain and natural environment patterns in Asia, and numerous new species have emerged, either in situ, or scattered around, thus supporting the main body of biodiversity in the world today.
", "Ali region, the Tibetan North Plateau, rich in fossil materials are shocking, but also let the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Paleovertebrates and Paleoanthropology Director Deng Tao and colleagues put forward a new view on biological evolution and environmental evolution.
the rise of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau changed the macro-terrain and natural environment pattern in Asia, so that the Qinghai-Tibet region experienced the great changes from the tropical plains to the high-cold meadows, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been given the reputation of biological evolution "natural laboratory".
is evidenced by fossils, and in the process of highland growth, numerous new species have emerged.
Deng Tao pointed out that the process of biological evolution in Qinghai-Tibet region has had a profound impact on today's ecosystem through two models, namely, "out of Tibet" and "highland hub" mode. The source area of rivers and lakes before the rise of the
plateau is surrounded by tropical flora and fauna, including the main species of fish in today's South and Southeast Asian fish regions, such as pan-climbing, proving that the Qinghai-Tibet region before the rise was a key area for the early evolution of these fish.
the highlands of the New World (about 5 million years ago) rose to a high-cold environment, with the ancestral types of mammals such as woolly rhinoceros, ancient prisms, Arctic foxes, pans and Tibetan antelopes appearing in the plateau.
because of the pre-adaptation to the cold environment, in the fourth century of the ice age came, part of the "out of Tibet" to the north, become the main component of the ice age fauna, of which the Arctic fox even in the Arctic Circle has remained to this day, while the other part remains in the plateau, becoming the most important representative of today's plateau fauna.
the same period, the ancestors of the big cats, the earliest snow leopards, also appeared in the plateau, and then they spread around the world, their descendants of jaguars, money leopards, clouded leopards and African lions, are the top predators of today's ecosystem. The fossil record of the former highland hinterland of the
" has very little fossil record, and people's understanding of the history of vegetation evolution in Tibet is very limited.
the combination of plant fossils found in this expedition proves that large areas of tropical and subtropical forests existed in northern Tibet before the plateau's rise.
," Deng Tao pointed out.
Deng Tao said that combining fossils in Europe and North America, it can be seen that the Qinghai-Tibet region in the early part of the new generation was a "hub" for plant diffusion and communication.
through the "pioneers" of the plant world here, either all the way west to Europe, or east to North America.
with the combined effects of the rise of the plateau and global climate change, although the distribution of warm plants in the Qinghai-Tibet region is shrinking, its descendants are still common molecules in the tropics and sub-tropics today.
Himalayan rising current makes South China become the land of fish and rice" comprehensive study of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the first question needs to be answered is when the Himalayas, Gundis Mountain reached its present height, Gundis Mountain is the first large mountain range of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is its growth prototype.
", said Ding Lin, a member of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in an interview with reporters
Ding lin told two stories to the reporter. Before
, it was believed that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was rising as a whole.
however, several generations of scientists eventually found that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not a "iron plate" piece, is a lot of blocks from the southern hemisphere to the north, constantly colliding until the formation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
this expedition, dinglin team received the first task is to reveal the formation history of the Gundis Mountain from the bottom of the sea to the large mountain system.
2014, their findings in the Lin Zhou Basin Study answered the question. Large tracts of ancient soil discovered
became a key physical evidence of the region's transformation from the ocean to the land, as well as the high-altitude evolution from the ocean to the land. After
, the collision of the Indian continent and Eurasia caused the rapid growth of the forest region and formed the Gundis Mountain.
the discovery of multi-layered fossils from the mezzanine of volcanic rock, proving that it had reached an altitude of 4,500-5000 meters, about the same height as it is today.
56 million years ago, the formation of the first mountain, the Gundis Mountain of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, indicates that the first mountain system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was fully established.
's second scientific discovery is about the rise of the Himalayas.
65 million years ago, it was an ocean that disappeared until 55 million years ago, and since the collision, the Indian mainland has been pushing northwards, when the last drop of seawater evaporates, the coast grows to 1,000 meters, and then turns into a tropical rainforest, many fossils such as palm trees have been discovered, and since then the Himalayas have grown from the bottom of the sea.
According to Dinglin, with the Himalayas rising rapidly for 24 million years and exceeding the height of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Himalayas' ascent blocks the northward transmission of the South Asian monsoon mass, which is becoming increasingly arid.
the rise of the Himalayas has a clear impact on the Himalayas itself, on the environment in South Asia and the entire eastern part of China.
" 24 million years was a turning point, the Himalayas blocked further transmission of water vapor northwards, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau became very arid, 56 million years ago rainfall was 1000 mm, to 24 million years ago, rainfall of only 700 mm, and now, there are still 300 mm left.
reduced rainfall, because of the diversion of the Himalayas, so that arid south China become sourand rice, from the desert environment to the monsoon humid climate, if not, south China and north China today will be a desert.
," Dinglin said.
Source: Deng Tao Science.com.