The latest study by the National Institutes of Health found that the new coronavirus has spread in the United States in December 2019

According to a report from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on June 15, local time, a new study led by it found that as early as December 2019, the new coronavirus had spread in the United States at a low rate
.

https:// study, called "All of Us", examined samples originally collected through the NIH's National Research Program and found that evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in five states was earlier than originally reported
.

Relevant research results were published in the journal "Clinical Infectious Diseases"

infection

https://doi.
org/10.
1093/cid/ciab519

https://doi.
org/10.
1093/cid/ciab519 https://doi.
org/10.
1093/cid/ciab519

The researchers analyzed more than 24,000 stored blood samples provided by project participants in all 50 states between January 2 and March 18, 2020
.

They used two different serological tests and detected antibodies to the new coronavirus in the samples of nine participants

These participants came from areas outside the epicenter cities of major new crown hotspots such as Seattle and New York City, which are considered key points for the virus to enter the United States
.

The earliest dates are from samples collected in Illinois on January 7, followed by samples from Massachusetts on January 8, Wisconsin on February 3, Pennsylvania on February 15 and Mississippi on March 6.

Sample characteristics of 9 participants who detected antibodies to the new coronavirus

Sample characteristics of 9 participants who detected antibodies to the new coronavirus

Because it takes about two weeks to produce antibodies after being infected with the new coronavirus, the research of the National Institutes of Health has proved that before the official outbreak in the United States (2020), as early as December 2019, the new crown virus has fallen below the United States Rate of propagation
.

At the same time, since most of the positive samples were collected before the first case was reported in these states, it also reminds us of the importance of expanding testing as soon as possible in an epidemic environment

"This research allows us to discover more information about the beginning of the outbreak in the United States and highlights the practical value of longitudinal research in understanding the dynamics of emerging diseases such as COVID-19 ," one of the authors of the study and CEO of All of Us , Josh Denny, MD, and said
.

COVID-19

In such studies, false positives are a problem, especially when the prevalence of viral infections is low, as it was in the early stages of an epidemic in the United States
.

The researchers of this study followed CDC's guidance and tested samples on two independent platforms-Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA and EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) to minimize false positive results

The estimated sensitivities of Abbott and EUROIMMUN are 100% (107/107[96.
6%, 100%]) and 90.
7% (97/107[83.
5%, 95.
4%]), respectively
.

The estimated specificities of Abbott and EUROIMMUN are 99.

These two platforms target antibodies that bind to different parts of the virus, and the research team will classify the sample as positive only if there are positive results on both platforms
.

Both of these tests have an emergency use authorization from the US FDA

FDA

The study authors pointed out several limitations of their study
.

Although the study included samples from all over the United States, the number of samples in many states was very low

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