The lifeline of food security lies in the health of cultivated land.

The original title: The lifeline of food security lies in the health of cultivated land
National security is an important cornerstone of Anbang Dingguo, and food security is an important part of the overall national security view in the new era. There is soil and grain, farmland health is internationally recognized as the lifeline of national food security. The Ministry of Natural Resources is a department of the State Council, which has an important responsibility for the supervision of the protection of cultivated land, and is the government organ that organizes and leads the domestic government on the quality of cultivated land, the production capacity of cultivated land and the health of cultivated land.
We believe that the essential connotation of arable land health includes at least four aspects: first, the physical health of cultivated land, soil fertility and soil self-purification ability to be maintained; Arable land is healthy, in the process of agricultural farming to ensure that the water, fertilizer, drug sediment into arable land does not make arable land contaminated, damaged; In short, arable land is healthy, is a healthy farming soil, sustainable arable land utilization and stable arable land resource utilization ecosystem.
the main problems existing in the health of cultivated land in China include:
rapid urbanization seriously challenges the healthy management of cultivated land. China is now in the middle of urbanization, the urbanization rate has increased from 17.92 percent to 58.52 percent, and industrialization has become the world's largest manufacturing country, with an average annual growth rate of 14.6 percent. It must be admitted that China's urbanization is in the stage of extensive expansion to green development, industrial structure is also in the transition stage to high-end eco-friendly industries, urban and industrial systems to the arable land system to transport a large number of harmful substances, and in the short term will be further increased, the health status of cultivated land is facing great challenges.
frequent natural disasters pose a serious threat to the health of cultivated land. In recent years, the occurrence of natural disasters in agriculture has been increasing year by year, and the types of disasters, the degree of harm and the area of damage have increased year by year. During the Wenchuan earthquake, local areas were accompanied by secondary disasters such as mudslides and landslides, resulting in a decrease in the absolute amount of cultivated land. The earthquake caused 50.46 million mu of cultivated land to be damaged, the affected arable land area accounted for 0.49% of the arable land area in Sichuan Province in 2007, the soil moisture content and soil porosity of the damaged soil decreased, soil nitrogen, phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matter content is significantly lower than the undetained soil, and in the short term it is difficult to recover.
use of cultivated land seriously harms the health of cultivated land. Between 1975 and 1990, the area of marshes in the Sanjiang Plain of Heilongjiang province decreased by 26%. In the early days of the founding of New China, some areas began to deforestation and wasteland, and then started the project of returning farmland to forest, but at present, China still has 65 million mu of steep sloped farmland, more than 40 million mu of serious sandy farmland in farming, causing serious soil erosion. As a result of the long-term unbridled exploitation of groundwater, the North China Plain region, centered on Baoding, Hengshui, Zhangzhou and other regions, formed a number of funnel groups, causing serious damage to soil thickness and soil structure, resulting in a series of secondary disasters and environmental geological problems. China's fertilizer, pesticides and other modern inputs have leapt to the first place in the world, in terms of effective utilization of about 70% of inputs into the soil caused by soil pollution. In order to ensure the non-seasonal supply of agricultural products, Xinjiang has become the most serious area of white pollution in China, the recovery rate of residual film is low, nearly half of the agricultural film remains in the soil, resulting in "white pollution". Regional ecological problems such as arable land degradation, arable land slabing and arable land pollution are becoming more and more obvious.
system is not perfect, it is difficult to control the trend of soil degradation. China implements the most stringent system of farmland protection, but the core system design is still quantity management, the quality of cultivated land and the design of arable land health management system is not strict. The binding incentive mechanism for the quality and health protection, utilization and construction of cultivated land has not been established, and there is no investigation, monitoring and evaluation of the key core indicators affecting the quality and health of cultivated land. The quality of cultivated land, the law on the health of cultivated land are not perfect, the system of reward and punishment lacks legislative guarantee, the subject of responsibility, the boundary of management responsibility and so on lack of institutional arrangement and organization construction.
an important part of Xi Jinping's idea of ecological civilization, which is to adhere to the overall systematic view of the community of life. To perfect the most stringent system of farmland protection, we must attach importance to the quality of cultivated land and the health protection of cultivated land, and effectively reverse the old concept that we only attach importance to the production function of developing and utilizing fields (arable land) and not to the overall function of caring for farmland as the core of the community of life.
the author believes that the health of cultivated land is a systematic health, which needs overall protection, system repair and comprehensive management.
is to strengthen the permanent basic farmland demarcation and management. Since its implementation in 1986, China's basic farmland system has a history of more than 30 years. The Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has crowned the basic farmland as "permanent", demonstrating China's firm will and determination to care for the rice fields and safeguard the lifeline. Priority is given to the classification and management of permanent basic agricultural land, and it is necessary to implement use control. Priority protection should be given to high-grade, non-polluting permanent basic farmland, safe use should be made of medium-low-grade permanent basic farmland with mild pollution, and natural restoration and healthy construction of cultivated land should be strengthened in the process of safe utilization, so that the effective tillage layer thickens, soil organic matter is increased, farmland health protection system is perfected, the health protection system of cultivated land is reduced, and the health level of cultivated land is gradually raised;
is to expand the content of high-standard farmland construction. Since the beginning of the new century, China has implemented three consecutive National Land Remediation Plans, and implemented the Outline of the National High Standard Farmland Construction Plan, with the goal of completing 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland by 2020. However, it must be admitted that China's high standard farmland construction is still the construction of low standards, incomplete content. Japan to build a national rice paddies, design life is 40 years, due to advanced management, the actual service life of 60-80 years, and China's "high standards of farmland construction general rules" to determine the design life of 10 years. EU agricultural land management, from agricultural production infrastructure construction, to farmland ecological infrastructure construction, farmland ecosystem and farmland system biodiversity has been given full consideration, and China's high standards of farmland construction and evaluation of national standards also lack of these provisions.
is to deepen the national arable land resources survey monitoring and evaluation. Since the reform and opening up, China has completed two rounds of nationwide land survey, and is currently carrying out the third round of land survey. The core content of the survey includes the survey of cultivated land resources, unfortunately, the survey is still mainly based on the type of land and resources utilization and ownership survey, the quality attributes of natural resources, health level also lack of comprehensive investigation design. This gap must be filled and the short board must be filled in.
fourth is to promote land science and technology innovation. The harsh reality of china's long-term and sustained high-intensity utilization of cultivated land is not available in other countries, and advanced countries are unlikely to develop this key core technology for us, and the key core technology of China's land resources security and control can only be accomplished by Chinese scientists. Caring for the health of cultivated land and investing in natural capital are strategic scientific and technological innovation projects related to the survival and development of the Chinese nation.
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