The main gap between China's painting safety and foreign countries

With the development of coating technology in China, the backward technology and unsafe factors in coating technology and coating product structure still account for a certain proportion 1 There are still many safety problems in the structure of coating products Since the reform and opening up, China's coating industry has developed rapidly, with a substantial increase in production and a large adjustment in product structure The proportion of high-grade synthetic resin coatings increased from 52% in 1980 to 70% in 1997 However, there are many problems in safety and health Although the proportion of benzene in solvents decreased from 5.2% in 1985 to about 2% in 1997, benzene is still the main occupational hazard factor; the proportion of organic solvents in coatings increased from 29.2% in 1985 to 40% in 1995, and the consumption of organic solvents increased significantly; the proportion of environmental adaptive coatings increased from 20% in 1997 to 30% in 2000, which is not suitable for society It will meet the needs of development; the content of heavy metals has not been seriously controlled In some advanced countries, benzene was no longer used as coating solvent in the late 1970s The consumption of organic solvent has been reduced to 30% (low to close to 20%), that of lead and chromium containing pigments in the United States has been reduced to 4%, and that of environmental adaptive coatings in the mid-1980s has reached 55% - 65% Compared with the advanced countries, there is still a big gap 2 Backward coating technology still accounts for a certain proportion Since the reform and opening up, the painting technology has made great progress In the early 80 years of the painting process, the high consumption manual air spraying is the main part (about 50% ~ 55%) With the promotion and application of electrostatic spraying, powder spraying, electrophoretic coating, high-pressure airless spraying and other technologies, the middle of the 1990s has no longer occupied the leading position; the chemical pretreatment process has been widely promoted and applied; the drying and curing process is electrical Mainly gradually turn to various energy structures such as electricity, oil, natural gas, coal powder, etc., and promote the application of hot air drying (solidification), high-infrared rapid solidification and other technologies to reduce energy consumption; promote the application of multiple control appliances, manipulators and other technologies to improve safety and reliability However, China's coating technology is still in the period of both advanced and backward Manual painting, manual rust removal, air spraying and natural drying still account for a certain proportion, especially in towns and individual enterprises Compared with the advanced countries, there is still a certain gap 3 The overall safety level needs to be improved urgently In the early 1980s, the protective engineering technology was simple, natural ventilation and simple mechanical ventilation accounted for 76%, mechanical ventilation with paint mist and solvent purification accounted for only 6%, and the use rate of spray booth was 45% In the typical investigation in the middle of 1990s, natural ventilation and simple mechanical ventilation accounted for 27.2%, and mechanical ventilation with paint mist and solvent purification accounted for 18.2%; spray booth was widely used, although the number of samples was small, which could not be compared, but it can also be seen that the protection engineering technology has made great progress However, the overall safety level needs to be improved urgently, and the electrical problems are prominent, which has become the main cause of the fire; the ventilation protection is poor, with 31.2% of the foreign-related enterprises surveyed in Guangdong province having no protection measures; the utilization rate of organic solvent waste gas purification is low, 63.6% of the eastern economically developed regions have no purification measures, and the central and western regions are far higher than this figure Compared with the advanced countries, the overall level of protection engineering technology in China is not high, and there is a considerable gap 4 Insufficient legislation and law enforcement In 1994, China ratified the "1990 chemical Convention" of the international labor organization In 1996, China formulated the regulations on the safe use of chemicals in the workplace and related national standards However, due to various reasons, they have not been implemented As no coating safety regulations have been formulated and promulgated so far, the promotion and implementation of coating safety standards are far from achieving the expected results, especially in terms of limiting the elimination of coatings and coating processes that seriously threaten safety and health, with little effect As the coating safety inspection work has not been carried out so far, it is unable to effectively supervise, so there are still many potential accidents left in the new production line (including the imported projects) Advanced countries have developed perfect laws and regulations and standards There are five laws and regulations in the United States only for organic solvent emissions There is a big gap in this aspect in China.