The mechanism of co-regulation of optical signal and one-footed gold esters is revealed

23rd, Nature-Newsletter published online the latest collaboration between the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the South China Agricultural University. Scientists have revealed the molecular mechanisms by which plants co-regulate plant branching or branching by coupling photosensitive pigment signaling pathways with one-footed gold esters signaling pathways.number of branches (branches) is a key factor affecting plant type, yield and biomass. However, under the condition of dense planting, the mutual shade between plants induces the plant to produce shade-avoidance reaction, which causes the number of plant branches (branches) to decrease sharply. For example, under dense planting conditions, the number of rice and wheat splits is suppressed, affecting the yield of a single plant.
" shade avoidance reaction is a syndrome, which affects the growth and development of crops, strains, flowering and strength, defensive response, disease resistance, resistance to inversion, nutrient absorption and utilization. Wang Hai, author of the paper and a professor at the School of Life Sciences at South China Agricultural University, told China Science Daily.
, the yield per unit area can be increased by planting reasonably within the range of varieties adapted to corn, rice, wheat, cotton, rape and other crops.
, scientists hope to find a reasonable balance. This requires an understanding of how dense planting affects the plant's shade-avoidance response and its series of effects on the plant. Wang Ocean's team has been focusing on related scientific issues.
2017, Wang's team found that two cytographic transcription factors, FHY3 and FAR1, regulate the integration of light and ethylene signal path paths, and co-regulate the expression of PHR1, the key factor of phosphorus hunger response, and phosphorus hunger response.
2019, the team also found that FHY3/FAR1, as a new class of important regulatory factors for shade avoidance reactions, co-regulates the molecular mechanisms of plant growth and defense balance under dense planting conditions by integrating the external light signaling of plants and the internal jasmine acid signaling pathway.
early 2020, they further discovered that FHY3/FAR1 could also be interoperated with three key factors in the plant age signaling pathway, SPL3/4/5, and inhibited their activation of the downstream flowering gene FUL/LFY/AP1/MIR172C, thereby inhibiting flowering., published on April 23rd, found a molecular pathway linking shade-avoidance reactions to the split mechanism.
previous studies have analyzed the shade-avoidance reaction caused by light signals and the branching or branching mechanism of one-footed gold esters regulation. In 2017, Wang Ocean's team found that plants regulate miR156-SPL molecular modules through photosensitive pigment signaling, which in turn regulates plant shade avoidance.
addition, a recent study found that one-footed gold esters are a major plant hormone that inhibits plant branching. In the model plant amoeba, SMXL6/7/8 three congeners encode the key inhibitors of the signaling pathway of single-footed gold nesteride. When the one-footed gold ester signal pathway is activated, the SMXL6/7/8 protein is degraded by the protease body, thus achieving the effect of inhibiting branching.
", however, it is not clear how the photosensitive pigment-mediated optical signal pathway and the one-footed gold ester signal pathway can co-regulate the molecular mechanism of plant branching (splitting) under dense cultivation conditions. Xie Rongrong, the first author of the paper and an associate researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the China Science Daily.
" Of course, there are other factors that affect branching, such as other plant hormones, such as growth hormone, erythromycin, etc. are also involved in regulating branching, but there is little research on synergies between them, such as the interaction mechanism of signaling paths. Wang said.In the latest study,
We found that two cytopheric transcription factors, FHY3 and FAR1, co-regulate the molecular mechanism of branching under plant dense cultivation conditions by integrating the external light signaling pathway of the plant and the one-footed gold ester signaling pathway within the plant." Xie said.
researchers found that two important members of the miR156-SPL molecular module, SPL9 and SPL15 proteins, can directly activate transcription of BRC1, a key negative regulatory factor in downstream branching, thereby inhibiting the production of plant branching; The important factors of FHY3/FAR1 and single-footed kinnegase signal pathway SMXL6/7/8 can be exchanged with SPL9/15 proteins and inhibit the transcription regulation of SPL9/15 to BRC1, thus promoting the production of plant branching.
, the study also found that FHY3/FAR1 directly facilitates the transcription of SMXL6 and SMXL7. Under shade or dense planting conditions, FHY3/FAR1 protein levels decreased, causing the transcription and protein levels of SMXL6 and SMXL7 to decrease, releasing the SPL9/15 protein, resulting in higher transcription levels of its downstream gene BRC1, thereby inhibiting the production of plant branching.
Xie said that the study for the first time from the protein interoperability level to clarify FHY3/FAR1 through the integration of plant external light signaling channels and plant internal one-footed gold ester signaling channels, collaborative regulation of plant dense cultivation conditions branching occurred molecular mechanism, improve the plant shade reaction control mechanism, for the cultivation of dense planting and nutritional efficient use of new varieties of crops laid a solid theoretical foundation.
" Through these studies, we can quickly understand whether similar or conservative molecular mechanisms are used in different crops to regulate shade avoidance reactions, to mine their ionogens, to analyze their role in crop shade avoidance, to mine their excellent denseness ptotypes, and to provide theoretical guidance and genetic resources for molecular breeding and crop hardness improvement. Wang said.
paper information: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15893-7