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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > The neurooscillation basis exists in the cell-like cell characterization observed based on fMRI.

    The neurooscillation basis exists in the cell-like cell characterization observed based on fMRI.

    • Last Update: 2020-08-07
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Grid cells in the in-brain olfactory cortex are involved when animals explore the environment freely (Figure 1a).
    discovery has attracted the interest of many neuroscientists since it was first reported in 2005.
    follow-up studies further found that grid cells play an important role in the functions of the brain characterizing spatial location and completing path integration.
    grid cells opened a breakthrough in understanding the computer system of the cerebral cortex.
    2014, the mhel cell discoverer Moser and his mentor John O'Keefe (who discovered the location cell) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for revealing the brain's GPS positioning system. the production of
    neuronaction potential is closely related to the field potential activity of local neuron groups.
    animal and human electrophysiological studies have found that the inner olfactory cortex exhibits strong oscillations (4-8hz) during spatial navigation. the results of
    computational modeling suggest that the hexagonal pattern of grid cells is mainly formed by the oscillation superposition interference of the inner olone cortex.
    a large number of previous experimental studies have also shown that oscillations can encode specific spatial information.
    for example, the oscillation can encode the motion speed, boundary distance, etc. of the subject.
    human fMRI study has also confirmed the presence of grid-like cell-like representation in the inner olfactory cortex.
    However, what the neurophysiological basis for the characterization of this kind of grid cell in the human brain is still outstanding.
    answering this question helps to further understand the mechanisms by which grid cells form and how the brain transmits grid signals.
    researchers from the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University and Bochum Ruhr University in Germany recruited nine inpatient epilepsy patients (from Yuquan Hospital affiliated with Tsinghua University, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Freiburg University School of Medicine in Germany) who needed surgery because the drug was ineffective.
    preoperative doctors implanted multiple deep SEEG electrodes into the patient's brain to accurately assess the location of the epileptic lesions, which were determined solely according to the purpose of the treatment, regardless of the study.
    the subjects were required to complete a virtual reality task on object-position-related memory (Figure 1c), while the researchers used intracranial electrodes to directly record field potential signals in the cerebral cortex, using parametric linear regression to calculate the relationship between the virtual direction of movement and the signal strength of different frequencies in the inner olplier cortex.
    previous studies suggest that when the grid cells successfully encode spatial positions, neurons will form a 6 degree interval spindle direction (Figure 1a black line): when the subject siphon shones along the spindle direction, the grid cell discharge sharply, and when it moves in the direction of the non-spindle, the grid cell discharge is relatively weak.
    study assumes that the amplitude of the neurooscillation signal is modulated by the direction of motion: the rotational symmetry of 6 cycles between the amplitude and the direction of motion (Figure 1b).
    researchers first looked at whether the oscillation of the inner olfactory cortex (figure 2a black dot is the electrode contact located in the inner olfactory cortex) carried grid cell signals.
    as shown in Figure 2b, the amplitude of the oscillation of the molyblet stomp was divided into 12 parts according to the direction of motion of the subject, showing a clear six-cycle pattern, and the high and low fall is exactly a 60-degree interval, proving that the oscillation of the human inner olsometinic layer carries the grid cell signal.
    In order to further investigate whether the six-cycle model exists only in the argon band, the alpha band (8-12hz), the beta band (12-30hz), the low frequency band (30-80hz), and the high frequency gamma band (80-150hz) signals, and analyze them.
    However, the researchers found that none of the amplitudes of these bands were in a six-cycle pattern, and the modulation intensity was not significant (Figure 2c).
    these results show that only the argon oscillation can carry the grid signal. Is
    grid signal unique to the inner olfactory cortex? The researchers studied the hippocampus and amygdala adjacent to the inner olfactory cortex in the same way, and did not find a six-cycle modulation pattern (Figure 2d).
    animal studies have found that the hexagonal pattern of grid cells is better characterized as mice become more familiar with the space environment.
    grid cells are closer to the boundary, the more regular the hexagonal pattern indicates that the boundary has an anchoring effect on the grid. do
    human grid cells have similar properties? The researchers delved into both issues.
    the study divided the duration of the subjects into equal six sessions, calculating the strength of the six-cycle modulated signals of sessions 1/2 to session 3/4 and sessions 3/4 to session 5/6, respectively.
    the researchers found that only session 3/4 to session 5/6 of the six-cycle modulation signal significantly greater than zero, indicating that the mesh characterization of the subjects stabilized later in the experiment (Figure 2e), indicating that the grid cells needed to be familiar with the environment before there was a better coding space.
    , the researchers divided the space into three parts with equal radius, called Border, Middle, and Inner, and calculated the strength of the six-cycle modulated signals from Border to Middle and Middle to Inner.
    study found that only Border to Middle's six-cycle modulation signal was significantly greater than zero, indicating that the mesh characterization of the subjects was more stable in the boundary area than in the center area (Figure 2f), and revealed that the virtual boundary also had an anchoring effect on the grid pattern.
    the study, with the help of the unique discharge mode of grid cells and the characteristicof of electrophysiological signalby by the dynamic direction 6-cycle rotational symmetry modulation characteristics, showed for the first time that the oscillation of argon can also encode the grid signal, and for the first time found that the mesh characterization of the gradual stability in time, in the spatial boundary region is more stable than the central region.
    , the study also confirmed for the first time the existence of a neurooscillation basis for the characterization of mesh cells based on fMRI.
    the study was carried out by researchers from the Institute of Psychology, Beijing Normal University and Bochum Ruhr University in Germany.
    Ph.D. student Chen Dong and Ph.D. Lukas Kunz are the first authors, and Professor Nikolai Axmacher and researcher Wang Liang (as article lead contact) are co-authors.
    the research was funded by the National Natural Science Commission's Outstanding Youth Fund (81422024), the Beijing Science and Technology Commission's Special Project on Brain Cognition and Brain Medicine (Z1710000117014) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Key Laboratory Project on Mental Health (KLMH2018ZK02).
    paper was published online October 11 in Cell's Current Biology magazine.
    papers: Chen D, Kunz L, Wang W, Zhang H, Wang W, Schulze-Bonhage A, Reinacher PC, Zhou W, Liang S, Axmacher N, Wang L. Hexakermodulation of the theta power human entorhinal opal op. Current Biology 2018.DOI: Source: Institute of Psychology.
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