-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cosmetic Ingredient
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Editor’s note iNature is China’s largest academic official account.
It is jointly created by the doctoral team of Tsinghua University, Harvard University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units.
The iNature Talent Official Account is now launched, focusing on talent recruitment, academic progress, scientific research information, interested parties can Long press or scan the QR code below to follow us
.
iNature fear plays an important role in human adaptation to the environment and survival and development.
It is also the most widely studied emotion in academia
.
However, the research paradigm of fear and the neural mechanism of fear in the fields of psychology and neuroscience have always been controversial
.
November 17, 2021, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China "Neurotherapy·Social Cognition and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (neuSCAN)" (Leaders: Professor Benjamin Becker and Professor Keith Kendrick) and the team of Professor Tor Wager from Dartmouth College in the United States (The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is the first signatory of this achievement, and Zhou Feng is the first author) co-published a research paper entitled "A distributed fMRI-based signature for the subjective experience of fear" in Nature Communications.
The research developed A highly specific and sensitive neural signature that predicts the degree of fear, combined with multimodal methods such as behavioral experiments, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and machine learning, reveals that the whole brain is not a single brain area (such as the amygdala).
It encodes fear information; and confirms the predecessor’s theoretical hypothesis that the acquired fear formed in the fear acquisition task has different neural representations from the fear emotions that we generate when we face terrorist affairs or scenes
.
Fear plays an important role in human's environmental adaptation and survival and development.
It is also the most widely studied emotion in the academic circle
.
However, the research paradigm of fear and the neural mechanism of fear in the fields of psychology and neuroscience have always been controversial
.
The task of fear acquisition is the most commonly used experimental paradigm for studying fear
.
During the task, when the subject (human or animal) hears a certain sound or sees a certain picture (maybe) receives an electric shock; after repeated many times, when the subject hears the same sound or sees the same picture, it will Feeling "fear" forms a learned fear
.
In recent years, some theoretical studies believe that learned fear and the fear we feel in daily life (such as facing snakes or accident scenes) may have different neural mechanisms.
However, this theory lacks the support of empirical data
.
Because excessive fear in life is the primary cause of anxiety and other emotional disorders, quantifying fear and revealing the neural mechanism of fear can provide important theoretical basis and clinical value for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with emotional disorders
.
Figure 1 Experimental task paradigm and analysis process The study first recruited 67 healthy adult subjects, and asked them to watch a series of pictures containing scary animals and scenes and assess their fear level.
During the task, fMRI was used to record the subjects’ brain activities
.
Subsequently, the team used these fMRI data to develop a neural representation (visually induced fear signature; VIFS) that predicts the degree of individual fear (Figure 1), and found that VIFS can accurately predict the development set (cross-validation) and validation set (used with the development set).
The degree of fear of similar experimental paradigms and the same fMRI scan parameters) and generalized sets (using different experimental paradigms and different MRI machines) (Figure 2)
.
Figure 2 VIFS and its prediction of the degree of fear Next, the study examined which brain regions are involved in the coding of fear information
.
First, through whole-brain analysis, the team innovatively combined the predictive weight of the multivariate model and its "reconstructed activation" and found that the widely distributed brain regions have a stable contribution to predicting fear, and This contribution is related to the subject's fear score
.
Although analysis based on local brain regions (brain segmentation templates, searchlights, and brain regions of interest and networks such as the amygdala and subcortical brain regions) has also found that many brain regions can significantly predict the level of fear, but its prediction effect is compared with the whole brain The analysis is very different
.
In addition, when 10,000 voxels are randomly selected for prediction in the whole brain, the effect is very close to the prediction effect of the whole brain (Figure 3)
.
In summary, the study shows that brain regions widely distributed throughout the brain are involved in the coding of fear information, while a single brain region (such as the amygdala which is widely regarded as the "fear center") or a brain network (such as the amygdala containing the amygdala) The subcortical brain area) does not adequately encode fear information
.
Figure 3 The widely distributed brain regions of the brain are involved in encoding fear emotions.
In addition, the study found that although the neural response mode of fear emotions (VIFS) can accurately distinguish three different levels of fear in the generalization set (high, medium and low) (the correct rate is above 80%) , But it cannot distinguish between learned fear stimuli and neutral stimuli; on the other hand, the neural response pattern (TPS) of learned fear stimuli can accurately predict learned fear and neutral stimuli on different samples, but It also cannot predict the fear score
.
In addition, these two neural response modes are also different in spatial distribution
.
Therefore, by comparing the similarities in the function and spatial distribution of neural response patterns, this study reveals for the first time that the acquired fear formed in the fear acquisition task and the fear emotion in the face of horror scenes may have different neural representations (Figure 4)
.
In addition, the study also found that fear and non-specific negative emotions (such as nausea, sadness, etc.
) have a shared and specific neural mechanism, and VIFS responses play a role in regulating the relationship between negative emotions and fear scores
.
Figure 4 Fear emotions and learned fears have different neural representations.
In summary, this research developed for the first time a neural indicator that can objectively measure the level of fear emotions, and through multi-level and comprehensive analysis, the system explored how the brain encodes fear information.
.
In addition, the study also found that the neural response triggered by the learned fear in the fear acquisition task is different from the neural response caused by the fear in daily situations (such as facing a snake or the scene of an accident).
The "fear" of paradigm research may not be the fear or fear that we often say in our lives
.
This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
.
neuSCAN team website: http:// Reference message: https://
It is jointly created by the doctoral team of Tsinghua University, Harvard University, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other units.
The iNature Talent Official Account is now launched, focusing on talent recruitment, academic progress, scientific research information, interested parties can Long press or scan the QR code below to follow us
.
iNature fear plays an important role in human adaptation to the environment and survival and development.
It is also the most widely studied emotion in academia
.
However, the research paradigm of fear and the neural mechanism of fear in the fields of psychology and neuroscience have always been controversial
.
November 17, 2021, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China "Neurotherapy·Social Cognition and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (neuSCAN)" (Leaders: Professor Benjamin Becker and Professor Keith Kendrick) and the team of Professor Tor Wager from Dartmouth College in the United States (The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is the first signatory of this achievement, and Zhou Feng is the first author) co-published a research paper entitled "A distributed fMRI-based signature for the subjective experience of fear" in Nature Communications.
The research developed A highly specific and sensitive neural signature that predicts the degree of fear, combined with multimodal methods such as behavioral experiments, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and machine learning, reveals that the whole brain is not a single brain area (such as the amygdala).
It encodes fear information; and confirms the predecessor’s theoretical hypothesis that the acquired fear formed in the fear acquisition task has different neural representations from the fear emotions that we generate when we face terrorist affairs or scenes
.
Fear plays an important role in human's environmental adaptation and survival and development.
It is also the most widely studied emotion in the academic circle
.
However, the research paradigm of fear and the neural mechanism of fear in the fields of psychology and neuroscience have always been controversial
.
The task of fear acquisition is the most commonly used experimental paradigm for studying fear
.
During the task, when the subject (human or animal) hears a certain sound or sees a certain picture (maybe) receives an electric shock; after repeated many times, when the subject hears the same sound or sees the same picture, it will Feeling "fear" forms a learned fear
.
In recent years, some theoretical studies believe that learned fear and the fear we feel in daily life (such as facing snakes or accident scenes) may have different neural mechanisms.
However, this theory lacks the support of empirical data
.
Because excessive fear in life is the primary cause of anxiety and other emotional disorders, quantifying fear and revealing the neural mechanism of fear can provide important theoretical basis and clinical value for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with emotional disorders
.
Figure 1 Experimental task paradigm and analysis process The study first recruited 67 healthy adult subjects, and asked them to watch a series of pictures containing scary animals and scenes and assess their fear level.
During the task, fMRI was used to record the subjects’ brain activities
.
Subsequently, the team used these fMRI data to develop a neural representation (visually induced fear signature; VIFS) that predicts the degree of individual fear (Figure 1), and found that VIFS can accurately predict the development set (cross-validation) and validation set (used with the development set).
The degree of fear of similar experimental paradigms and the same fMRI scan parameters) and generalized sets (using different experimental paradigms and different MRI machines) (Figure 2)
.
Figure 2 VIFS and its prediction of the degree of fear Next, the study examined which brain regions are involved in the coding of fear information
.
First, through whole-brain analysis, the team innovatively combined the predictive weight of the multivariate model and its "reconstructed activation" and found that the widely distributed brain regions have a stable contribution to predicting fear, and This contribution is related to the subject's fear score
.
Although analysis based on local brain regions (brain segmentation templates, searchlights, and brain regions of interest and networks such as the amygdala and subcortical brain regions) has also found that many brain regions can significantly predict the level of fear, but its prediction effect is compared with the whole brain The analysis is very different
.
In addition, when 10,000 voxels are randomly selected for prediction in the whole brain, the effect is very close to the prediction effect of the whole brain (Figure 3)
.
In summary, the study shows that brain regions widely distributed throughout the brain are involved in the coding of fear information, while a single brain region (such as the amygdala which is widely regarded as the "fear center") or a brain network (such as the amygdala containing the amygdala) The subcortical brain area) does not adequately encode fear information
.
Figure 3 The widely distributed brain regions of the brain are involved in encoding fear emotions.
In addition, the study found that although the neural response mode of fear emotions (VIFS) can accurately distinguish three different levels of fear in the generalization set (high, medium and low) (the correct rate is above 80%) , But it cannot distinguish between learned fear stimuli and neutral stimuli; on the other hand, the neural response pattern (TPS) of learned fear stimuli can accurately predict learned fear and neutral stimuli on different samples, but It also cannot predict the fear score
.
In addition, these two neural response modes are also different in spatial distribution
.
Therefore, by comparing the similarities in the function and spatial distribution of neural response patterns, this study reveals for the first time that the acquired fear formed in the fear acquisition task and the fear emotion in the face of horror scenes may have different neural representations (Figure 4)
.
In addition, the study also found that fear and non-specific negative emotions (such as nausea, sadness, etc.
) have a shared and specific neural mechanism, and VIFS responses play a role in regulating the relationship between negative emotions and fear scores
.
Figure 4 Fear emotions and learned fears have different neural representations.
In summary, this research developed for the first time a neural indicator that can objectively measure the level of fear emotions, and through multi-level and comprehensive analysis, the system explored how the brain encodes fear information.
.
In addition, the study also found that the neural response triggered by the learned fear in the fear acquisition task is different from the neural response caused by the fear in daily situations (such as facing a snake or the scene of an accident).
The "fear" of paradigm research may not be the fear or fear that we often say in our lives
.
This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
.
neuSCAN team website: http:// Reference message: https://
