The new treatment moves malignant tumors from terminal to chronic

On January 29th, at the First China Blood Science Development Conference On-Topic Forum on Blood Tumors, Ma Jun, a professor at Harbin Institute of Hematology Oncology, combed through new methods of fighting cancer in humans, including large-molecule antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and cancer vaccines.
Ma Jun said that in the past 20 years, mankind has had many new technologies and methods to treat cancer, cancer is gradually moving from terminal to chronic disease, and there have even been many cases of cancer being cured.
cancer cells with targeted precision early cancer treatment, described as a "three-plate axe": surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy.
surgery can remove solid tumors, but malignant tumors often metas metasnthesization and recurrence.
chemotherapy, radiotherapy can kill cancer cells but often mistakenly kill normal cells in the body, "injury enemy 1,000 self-damaged 800."
to fight cancer, the "three-plate axe" approach is far from enough.
"The discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome in 1960 gave the world its first cancer-specific target, giving it a targeted treatment for cancer.
" Ma Jun, "the most successful case of targeted treatment is arsenic trioxide (the main component of arsenic cream) treatment of acute early granulocytic leukemia."
" Professor Chen's team used a combined targeted treatment of acute early granulocytic leukemia using all-trans-vitamin acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), resulting in a five-year disease-free survival rate of more than 90% for patients with the disease, meeting the basic "cure" standard.
the therapy is able to achieve a cure rate of more than 90% because it has a clear target.
recent years, scientists have developed a range of targeted drugs for genetic mutations in different cancers.
U.S. President Jimmy Carter, at the age of 91, has become the most well-known case of targeted therapy by successfully curing malignant melanoma liver transfer and brain metastasis in just four months, using a combination of targeted medication and immunotherapy.
the cancer "temper" type and cure for a long time, people used to use the location of cancer cells to define cancer, such as stomach cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on.
but such a definition does not reflect the "temper" of cancer.
A study published in the journal Cell, TCGA, showed that scientists studied more than 10,000 cancer cases of 33 cancer types and found strong molecular similarities in some cancers in different organs, some of which, although occurring in the same organ, had completely different molecular subtypes.
different molecular subsypes of cancer may require different treatments, otherwise it may be counterproductive.
" article even reported cases of hyper-progression, the patient after receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immuno-checkpoint inhibitors, the tumor has an unusually rapid deterioration.
, associate dean of Peking University Cancer Hospital, said effective biomarkers were needed to identify which patients could benefit from a particular treatment and which could be damaged.
this end, since 2012, the National Protein Science Center Professor Qin Qi team and Professor Shen Lin team began to through large-scale gastric cancer sample analysis, diffuse gastric cancer "portrait."
They screened 83 samples of cancer and matching cancer side tissue from 2,451 gastric cancer samples, and classified diffuse gastric cancer into three molecular subtypes that were closely related to survival, prognosmence, and chemotherapy sensitivity.
patients with diffuse gastric cancer with 3 kinds of "portraits" had significant differences in the effect and duration of chemotherapy after surgery.
" study found molecular components associated with prognosm, using high-precision resolution of proteomics.
doctors can try to make accurate diagnoses and treatments for different types of diffuse stomach cancer, or other types of tumors.
," Qin said.
new treatment data show that from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019, 491 clinical trials involving cells and gene therapy for 178 solid tumors were conducted worldwide.
addition to cell therapy and gene therapy, scientists have found in recent years that the micro-environment that changes the lives of tumor cells could also be a new way to treat cancer.
An Gang, a professor at the Institute of Hematology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, cites multiple myeloma as an example: "There are two reasons why multiple myeloma is difficult to cure: on the one hand, tumor cells themselves tend to develop cloning, screening out some drug-resistant clones themselves, making it impossible for the drug to kill all tumors;
, however, it is difficult to survive if multiple myeloma cells are brought into in vitro culture.
suggests that the survival of such tumors is highly dependent on the micro-environment in the body.
, scientists are trying to speed up the death of cancer cells by altering the micro-environment in which they live to "embattle" tumor cells.
For example, in CAR-T cell therapy, let T cells with navigation to find tumor cells, release perforation, granulase B and other direct killer tumor cells, but also to assist in the application of interferon and other small molecular substances, to achieve better results.
, with the further development of science and technology, there will be more treatments for cancer.