The study reveals the neural basis and genetic effects of negative parenting on depression in adolescents.

Adolescents are at a critical stage in brain development and are at high risk of rapidly increasing internalized symptoms such as anxiety and depression.
The amygdala is the brain center that perceives, recognizes and regulates emotions, the pre-frontal cortical layer is closely related to the advanced cognitive function of humans, and the bidirectional connection between the amygdala and the pre-frontal leaf plays an important role in the regulation of human emotions.
previous studies have shown that depression in adolescents is closely related to the development of the amygdala-centric emotional brain loop, which in turn is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
For example, when individuals growing up in a bad family atmosphere name negative emotional faces such as anger, the activation of the amygdala increases, and there is a positive association between the activation of the amygdala and the outer frontal frontal fobes of the abdomen, suggesting that the outer frontal frontal fobe (vlPFC) does not effectively regulate the amygdala's overreaction to threat stimuli.
study of twins in children found that the neural circuit between the amygdala and the frontal leaves was influenced by moderate genetic factors.
However, it is not clear whether the brain loop between the amygdala and the outer frontal frontal lute is the cognitive neurological basis for depression in adolescents as a result of the mother's negative updosing, and the extent to which the circuit is affected by genetic factors.
In view of this, the Li Xin shadow research group of the Mental Health Key Laboratory of the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Qin Shaozheng, a national key laboratory for cognitive neuroscience and learning at Beijing Normal University, selected 100 identical eggs and 78 in the Beijing Twin Study, BeTwiSt. Identical twins of the same sex, carried out more than 3 years of longitudinal research to examine the early adolescent (about 13 years old) mother's upliching methods on the mid-adolescent (about 16 years old) amygdala brain loop development and depressive symptoms, and to clarify the proportion of genetic factors.
study found that negative parenting patterns characterized by excessive harshness and hostility in early adolescent mothers affected the pattern of brain network connectivity in mid-teens, with the amygdala and its associated sub-regions at its core (Figure 1).
, the functional connection between the amygdala and the outer frontal frontal leaf (vlPFC) enhances the role of a key intermediary between negative parenting in mothers and depression in adolescents (Figure 2).
combined with the brain-based twin ACE model, the study further found that the amygdala-abdominal exolocycy loop was 21% genetic.
the study, under the framework of "genetic-environmental-brain function-psychological behavior", systematically examined the effects of early mum parenting behavior on internalized symptoms such as mid-adolescent depression through brain network function.
studies have shown that negative parenting and genetic factors in mothers increase the risk of depression in adolescents through the intermediation of the amygdala and the abdominal pre-frontal lute brain circuit.
research suggests that the mother's passive updoctrine and related stress and other adverse family environments may be triggered by the secretion of stress hormones such as cortisol, acting on the amygdala and pre-frontal leaf loop and leading to abnormal development of the loop, which in turn leads to the development of emotional problems such as depression in adolescents.
the study provides new inspiration for the development of early markers of emotional problems such as depression and brain network targets for early intervention.
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