There is a general description of the silk split and the characteristics of different stages.

related topics . The basic unit of life activity - cell cell division
is an important body activity in which the living body accurately transmits genetic material to the next generation and keeps it functioning normally. Can be divided into the front, middle and rear and other stages. is an important basic knowledge of biology. This paper mainly analyzes the changes of cells in different periods of silk division.have silk division - overviewthere is silkthe uerte is the basic form of cell division. Also known as indirect division, nuclear division. In this process of division, a spindle made up of many spindles appears, chromosomes are reduced to rod-like
chromosomes
. In 1882, W. Fleming was the first to name this form of division silky. By silky division, dna as a genetic material
(
) can be accurately passed down from generation to generation in cells. Through silk division and can be achieved
tissue
occur and individual development. Carcinogenic factors cause tumors to occur by causing regulatory disorders of silk division.cells in the silky division, both the nucleo and the cytoste have morphological changes, called silk division period. Two silk splits are called split interstational periods. There is a silk split period and interstational period together called. Preparations for silk division, such as
DNA replication
, histoprotein synthesis, micro-tube protein synthesis, energy preparation, etc., are carried out in interstitial periods.tissue cells of plants and animals have silky division. In particular, there is strong silk division of cells during embryonic development. The root tip and stem-end division tissue of higher plants, the bone marrow of higher animals and some end-skin tissue are suitable places to observe the phenomenon of silk division.have silk division - the processtheof silky division of cells in the early stages is cyclical. That is, a cell that divides continuously, starting when one division is complete and continuing until the next division is complete, is a cell cycle. A cell cycle consists of two stages: the intersesseration period and the division period.cells in the silky division, both the nucleo and the cytoste have morphological changes, called silk division period. The silk splitting process is a continuous process that is designed to describe artificially divided into six periods: interphase, pre-prophase, pre-middle(premetaphase), mid-metaphase, late (anaphase), and terminalphase. The interstational period includes G1, S and G2, mainly for DNA replication and other preparations.(1) pre-period. The period from the beginning of the division period to the disintegyation of the nucleation membrane. When interstitial cells enter the pre-silk division stage, the volume of the nucleation increases, and the fine staining lines composed of chromosomes gradually shorten and thicken, forming chromosomes. Because chromosomes have replicated over time, each chromosome consists of two chromosome monosomes. The nuclear kernels faded away in the second half of the first half. At the end of the previous period, the nucleoblast ruptured, and chromosomes were scattered in the cytoste. Animal cells have two central bodies near the nuclear membrane in the early stages of silk division. The central body emits astrogenic silk, a radioactive micro tube. The two central bodies with astrogen wire gradually separate and move to the opposite poles. The nuclear membrane breaks and forms a spindle between the poles.. Medium(2) by mid-term. From the rupture of the nuclear membrane until chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial surface. The main processes in the pre-mid-term are the final formation of the spindle body and the movement of the chromosome towards the equatorial surface. Theretwo types of spindles: one is an astrogenic spindle, i.e. each pole has a pair of central particles as the core of the star, seen in the vast majority of animal cells and some lower plant cells. One is a non-star spindle body. Polar astrogens, seen in higher plant cells.star spindle body contains 3 kinds of spindle wire, that is, three kinds of micro-tubes. One is a star micro tube, a microcontrote scattered by a star, and the other is a microcontrote that stretches from the poles to the opposite pole. The third is the moving particle tube, the micro tube linked with the moving particle, also known as the moving grain wire or traction wire. Non-star spindle body only micro-tubes and silk-dot micro-tubes.chromosomes are dispersed in the cytoste after the rupture of the nuclear membrane. The two chromosomes of each chromosome are connected to the poles by moving particles. As a result of the interaction between the microscope and the moving particle tube, the chromosomes move toward the equatorial surface. Finally, the forces are balanced, and the chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial surface.(3) mid-term. This period is called mid-term, from the arrangement of chromosomes to the equatorial surface, until their chromosomal monosomes begin to be divided into poles. The former medium-term is sometimes included in the medium-term. The medium-term chromosomal concentration thickens, indicating the unique number and morphology of the species. . Late (4) late. The period when the two sister chromosomes of each chromosome were separated and moved to the poles. Separate chromosomes are called subsomes. The late end of the subsomal when it reaches the poles. The movement of subsomals to the poles is achieved by the activity of the spindle body. (5) end of the period. It is called the end period from the time the child chromosome reaches the poles until two child cells are formed. The main processes in this phase are the formation of sub-cores and the division of cells. The formation of the sub-core is largely a process that is contrary to the previous period. The subsomals that reach the poles first dissotrix and disappear in contours, and the nuclear membrane components are assembled around them, fused to form the nuclei of the sub-cores, and the nuclei appear in the nuclei. cell division is called cytostic division. Cytostic division in animals and certain lower plant cells is done in the form of bundles or grooves. Cytostic division of higher plant cells is based on the formation of cell plates. The cell plate gradually extends to the original cell wall, which divides the cytoste in two. the time between silk divisions varies greatly depending on the type of organism and cell. Generally to 1 to 3 hours, but the fast has more than 10 minutes to complete, slow people need 5 to 6 hours, or even longer. Typically, early cells in embryos divide quickly, and cells in formed tissue divide slowly. in the silk split period is usually a longer period of time, and the medium and late period is shorter. many of these chemical and chemical factors affect the process of silk division. For cells of plants and low-class animals, the lower the temperature within a certain range (about 8 to 25 degrees C), the longer the cell cycle, the slower the process of silk division. Low temperatures close to zero can inhibit the formation of spinning bodies, blocking cells in the middle of silky division. Ionizing radiation, such as
X
and gamma; rays, can inhibit cells from entering silky division. Many chemicals have the effect of inhibiting silk division, such as autumn daffodils, xylobenzene and so on. Chemicals that promote silk division are phytocodromycin, erythromycin, etc. There is silk division - different animal and plant animal cells have silk division animal cells have silk division process, the same as plant cells, the different characteristics are: 1. Animal cells have a central body, in the interstate of cell division, the two central particles of the central body each produced a new central grain, so there are two groups of central particles in the cell. During cell division, two sets of central grains move to the poles of the cell. Around these two sets of central particles, numerous radiations are emitted, and star rays between the two sets of central particles form a spindle. . 2. At the end of animal cell division, the middle of the cell does not form a cell plate, but the cell membrane recesses in from the middle of the cell, and finally cracks the cell into two parts, each containing a nuclei. In this way, one cell divides into two child cells. there is silk division - the division mechanism chromosomes of the collection of thin lines that make up chromosomes shorten the coarseness in the pre-division period, chromosomes of this shrinking motion is achieved through the spiraling of the dyeing line. The chromosomal enrichment process is related to certain factors in the cytoste. If the division cells are fused with the interstate cells by experimental method, it can be observed that the interstate cell chromosomes will be pre-assembled into chromosomes. This suggests that there is a substance in the cytoste of the cell during the division period that causes the chromosome to shrink. the formation of a spindle the process of polymerization of micro-tube proteins into spindle micro-tubes. There are two basic forms of polymerization of micro-tube proteins: one is self-assembly type, the other is site start assembly type, the latter has a special site as the starting point of polymerization, the former does not have such a special site. The bits at the time of the formation of the spindle body are collectively referred to as the Micro-Tube Tissue Center (MTOC). Both the central body and the silk point are MTOCs, which exhibit the ability to polymerise micro-tube proteins into micro-tubes in ionized situations. The formation of spindle bodies is clearly indesome from the activities of these MTOCs. Middle chromosomal movement division later with drugs (autumn daffodils, -based ethanol, etc.) to destroy the spindle body, then chromosomes can not be arranged to the equatorial surface, after removing the drug, the spindle body re-formed, then chromosomes can be arranged to the equatorial surface, so that chromosomes to the equatorial surface arrangement and spindle activity related. Chromosome pieces without silk spots due to radiation damage or other causes cannot be arranged on the equatorial surface. Thus, the arrangement of chromosomes to the equatorial surface is related to the activity of the silk point. When irradiated with a micro beam of ultraviolet light, one side of the dicopter is a silk point or a silk dot, then the chromosome cannot be located exactly on the equatorial surface, but close to the unresolzed filament point facing the pole. This means that the chromosome's mating on the equatorial surface must function normally with two silk dots and the silk dots on both sides connected to the poles. Based on the above facts and other observations, it is assumed that in the first half of the two silk points are connected to the poles by the silk dot wire, relying on the balance of the polar traction, so that the chromosome is located on the equatorial surface. In addition to the force of this traction balance, there may be other factors that complement it. the late chromosome movements two groups of subsomer chromosomes move toward the poles, and in some cell poles are pushed further away. The mechanism of such a movement has not yet been finalized. In the later stages, the silk dot micro tubes are constantly disintegration at the end of the pole, which gradually becomes shorter. This may be an important reason for chromosomes to be pulled to the poles. Because in in-body experiments to add O to the model cells to inhibit the dissocation of the microsphere, the chromosomal movement to the poles stops, on the other hand, if a small amount of autumn daffodils are added to promote the micro-tube dissocation speed, then the chromosome movement to the poles is also accelerated. Some cells are further apart in the later stages of division due to the mechanism that the polar tubes from the poles overlap each other in the equatorial region, and that the microcosm proteins aggregate at their free ends to lengthten the microcosms. These overlapping microcontrols from the poles slide against each other, pushing the poles farther away. silk division - meaning has the significance of silk division, which is the precise distribution of chromosomes from progeny cells to two child cells after replication (essentially DNA replication). Because there is genetic material DNA on the chromosome, the stability of the genetic character is maintained between the parents and children of the organism. It can be seen that the silky division of cells is of great significance to the genetics of living things. Research on proteins, factors, cytosicletons,
gene
mutations
involved in cell division has become a hot topic, so the Biological Gang has taken special stock of the relevant domestic and foreign scientific research progress in 2012, as well as the topic of cell cycle, hoping to help you fully understand the information and experimental design in this regard.
.