Things to cluster people to bacteria

In this article, provided by Lilac Gardeners
xatrixer
and
chao_he
,
points for details
scientists say bacteria divide humans into threein the early 20th century, scientists discovered that human blood types can be divided into four, each of which must be one of them. Now scientists have discovered another way to classify people: bacteria. There are thousands of different bacteria in each person's body, but a team of scientists recently announced that three distinct ecosystems exist in the digestive tract in the population they studied.
" is an important step forward. This is the first time we have found that the ecological environment of the human digestive tract can be divided into different categories. Peer
, from the European Molecular Biology
Laboratory in
Heidelberg, Germany, is the head of the research team. The team found no link between what they called "intestinal types" and the ethnic backgrounds of their subjects, including Europeans, Americans and Japanese.
, "intestinal type" was not associated with gender, weight, health status, or age. They are working on the reasons behind this phenomenon. One possibility is that the early populations established by different types of bacteria in the baby's digestive tract are completely random.
these bacteria change the digestive tract so that only certain types of bacteria can survive thereafter.
the result of different "intestinal types" for whatever reason, the end result is that human health is affected differently. Digestive bacteria are involved in the digestion of food and
synthesize
vitamins, using enzymes that cannot be secreted by human cells.
Bork and colleagues found that different "intestinal types" produced different enzymes. The Class A intestine produces more enzymes for vitamin B7, or vitamin H, while the Class B intestine has more enzymes that produce vitamin B1 (thiamine).
the blood into A, B, AB and O have a significant impact on the practice of medicine. As long as the blood types of the transfusion and the person being transfused match each other, the likelihood of rejection of the blood entered into the patient's body is greatly reduced. Similarly, the discovery of "intestinal types" could be used in medicine in the future, with far-reaching implications.
Bork says the practical value of 'intestinal type' is now clear, for example, that doctors can prescribe or prescribe specifically based on a patient's 'intestinal type', and that doctors can even find alternatives to
i antibiotics
based on the type of gut, which is now losing its effectiveness. Instead of trying to kill the disease-causing bacteria that cause an imbalance in the gut, doctors can help the beneficial bacteria get back to normal.
Borg says more experiments are needed. The researchers also needed to study the Chinese other species, such as Africans, africans and women. He also said that since all the subjects so far have come from developed countries, they eat about the same thing, so this is a flaw. "We don't have research subjects from remote mountain villages."the discovery of
"intestinal type" stems from a perennial study of the human body's fine
species
, the so-called gut
microbiome
group- of the body , which is an extremely difficult task because each person has nearly 100 trillion bacteria in their body (you know, the number of cells in the body itself is no more than 10 trillion). But scientists were unable to grow the bacteria in the lab to distinguish them and understand their properties.
with
advances
genetic technology, scientists know how to study bacteria by analyzing
DNA
the bacteria. By extracting DNA fragments from human skin, saliva and feces, scientists distinguish bacterial DNA from human DNA. They looked for different variants of specific genes in the DNA of bacteria and compared them to known bacterial species. Sometimes, these variants come from common bacteria, such as E.coli. Sometimes these genes belong to entirely new species.
study sheds light on the species of bacteria that are as rich as biodiversity in tropical rainforests. Different parts of the body have different types of bacteria. At the same time, scientists have found great differences in individual humans. For example, many of the bacteria that live in one population do not have in other people's mouths.
scientists speculate that more in-depth study of bacteria may reveal the unity of the human gut microbiome. Over the past few years, researchers have identified the genomes of hundreds of bacteria in the human body, the complete structure of genes. Now they can use these genomes as a reference to compare genes with other bacteria in the human body.
scientists can confirm the function of these genes and what type of bacteria they belong to. Using
genes
, scientists can also estimate the relative number of bacteria.
recent trial, 22 subjects were from Denmark, France, Italy and Spain. Dr. Bork and his team analyzed bacteria in their guts. Some of these people are healthy, some are too obese, and some suffer from intestinal diseases such as Conroe's disease. The researchers looked for DNA fragments from the genomes of 1,511 bacteria and combined their results with those of 13 Japanese and four Americans.
, scientists look for patterns. "We don't make any assumptions, so any findings are new."
, dr Bork was shocked by the results because all genomes could be perfectly divided into three types.
not only that, but different "intestinal types" are made up of different types of bacteria, Dr. Borg and colleagues reported Wednesday in the journal Nature. For example, the Class A intestine has more Bacteroides bacteria, while the Class B gut has less Bacteroides, while the Prevotella bacteria are exceptionally abundant.
"These three types of intestines are always present, no matter how the data are deleted," he said.
Bork and colleagues have found the presence of these three types of intestines in other gut microbiome surveys. And their study has reached 400 people, and this classification is always there.