Three "magic weapons" for early diagnosis of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the male genitourinary system
.

Like other cancers, the clinical symptoms of prostate cancer appear late, which is not conducive to early detection; when patients have severe symptoms (such as hematuria, bone pain, etc.
), they have often entered the advanced stage and lost the best opportunity for treatment
.

Therefore, early detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer has extremely important value for the treatment and prognosis of patients
.

Author: This article is semi-sweets NMT Medical publish the author's permission, please do not reprint without authorization
.

Currently, clinical early detection methods for prostate cancer include the following three: Digital rectal examination of the prostate (DRE) is the main method for diagnosing early prostate cancer
.

The male prostate is located in the pelvic floor and in front of the rectum.
The doctor can understand the general condition of the prostate through digital rectal examination
.

Under normal circumstances, the size of the prostate touched by the digital rectal examination is about 3 cm*4 cm, and it is soft and firm
.

When suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia, the volume of the prostate can be found to increase, but its hardness will not change; if the hardness of the prostate is very hard and the surface of the prostate is not smooth, the possibility of prostate cancer should be highly suspected (Figure 1)
.

Figure 1 Digital rectal examination transrectal ultrasonography Rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is to insert an ultrasound probe through the anus.
It can not only observe whether there are abnormal nodules in the prostate, but also determine the volume of the tumor and assess whether it invades the prostate capsule and Transfer situation
.

Therefore, rectal ultrasound can make up for the lack of digital rectal examination, and is mainly used to assist in the examination of small cancerous nodules located in the center of the prostate.

.

Therefore, transrectal ultrasonography is an indispensable method for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer in clinical practice (Figure 2)
.

Figure 2 Ultrasound examination of prostate specific antigen The detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is currently the most sensitive prostate cancer tumor marker.
Although PSA can be detected in the blood of normal people, the content is very low, not exceeding 4ug/L
.

If PSA>10ug/L, it should be highly suspected that there are cancer cells in the prostate
.

(Picture 3)
.

Figure 3 Prostate-specific antigen The above three methods are helpful to urologists in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer
.

Through these three detection methods, urologists can detect cancer cells lurking in the patient's prostate early
.

Figure 4 Prostate biopsy The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age
.

Therefore, as a urologist, it is recommended that men over the age of 50 must undergo digital rectal examination and blood prostate-specific antigen examination every year
.

If abnormalities are found, transrectal ultrasound or prostate biopsy can be performed (Figure 4) to further determine whether it is prostate cancer
.

For men with a family history of prostate cancer, the recommended age for physical examination should be advanced to 45 years for early detection and early treatment to help patients improve their quality of life and survival rate
.

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The value of PSMA and PSA in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer[J].
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[2]Dou Danyan,Chen Yan.
The application value of real-time tissue ultrasound elastography combined with MRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer[J].
Medical and Medical Equipment,2019,40(09):46-50.
[3],.
PSA-derived indicators in the diagnosis of prostate cancer Research progress[J].
Chinese Journal of Andrology,2019,25(07):655-659.