Trends in Parasitology . . . Cheng Gong team summarized the regulatory mechanism of insect-borne gut microbes for viral infection.

On May 6, 2020, Professor Cheng Gong of Medical College of Tsinghua University published the title "roles of symbiotic microorganisms in arthropod vectors" (regulation of arbovirus infection by arthropod vectors) in trends in parabology The relationship between symbiotic microorganisms and arbovirus infection in arthropod vectors was systematically summarized, and its application in blocking arbovirus transmission was prospected.Professor Cheng Gong published a series of invited reviews in trends in 2016 and 2019 to introduce the anti-virus immune mechanism of mosquitoes and the transmission mechanism of mosquito borne viruses.this review is the third time that Professor Cheng Gong's team has recently been invited to summarize the latest progress in the field of the journal. Arboviruses are a large class of viruses carried by mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies and other arthropods and transmitted to human and animal hosts through blood sucking bites.in recent years, a variety of new and recurrent arboviruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, chikungunya virus and West Nile virus, have posed a serious threat to human health.arboviruses circulate between arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts.arthropod vectors acquire the virus by sucking the blood of the host, and then infect the intestinal epithelial cells of arthropods, and then spread into the body cavity and infect the salivary glands.when the arthropod vector carrying the virus bites the host again, it will spread the virus to the next host. There are abundant and numerous symbiotic microorganisms in arthropods, which are widely distributed in intestinal tract, haemolymph, gonad and salivary gland.they can not only regulate the nutrition, metabolism, immunity and reproduction of insects, but also directly or indirectly affect arbovirus infection. Their molecular mechanisms mainly include the following four types (Fig. 1): 1) intestinal microorganisms inhibit the proliferation of arbovirus by mediating intestinal immune response to release antimicrobial peptides or activating ROS; 2) Regulation of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites The results showed that the formation of the physical barrier in the gut affects the susceptibility of insects to viruses; 3) the metabolites of intestinal symbiotic microorganisms interact directly with viruses to promote or inhibit virus infection; 4) symbiotic microorganisms (Wolbachia, etc.) in non intestinal tissues of insects inhibit virus infection by activating insect immunity or interfering with lipid metabolism.this review comprehensively and systematically summarizes the relationship among "arthropod vectors symbiotic microorganisms arboviruses", emphasizes the importance of insect microorganisms in the spread of insect borne infectious diseases, and puts forward the important scientific problems to be solved in this field, and prospects the use of micro organisms as a means to prevent and control the spread of mosquito borne viruses.Fig. 1. Molecular mechanism of symbiotic microorganisms regulating arbovirus infection in arthropod vectors: Professor Cheng Gong is the corresponding author of this review paper; Yin Chunhong, postdoctoral student of Tsinghua University School of medicine; Sun Peng, a doctoral candidate; and Professor Wang Penghua, from the school of medicine, University of Connecticut, USA, is the co-author of this paper.original link: plate maker: Ke