Visual reproduction of "​Kobe"​​ is a white lie of the brain

Whether you follow basketball or not, you must have heard the name Kobe Bryant

The picture below (Picture 1) looks unremarkable at first glance, but you only need to stare at the four white dots on the nose, hold for 10 seconds without blinking, and then quickly stare at the white background wall and blink continuously, you can find Surprise - Kobe's face appeared ! I believe many people will have questions, what is going on? Is there a problem with the eyes? Or is there something wrong with the brain? In fact, both are fine, the problem occurs in the persistence of vision (also known as "afterglow effect")

Figure 1 Experimental image (Source: Twitter)

Brain visual refresh with 15 seconds delay

On January 14, 2022, research teams such as psychology and neuroscience at the University of California, Burnley, published an article entitled "Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serial dependence" in Science Advances , which studied from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience.

Figure 2 Research results (Source: Science Advances ) 

The study recruited 70 participants, divided into three groups, to watch 30-second video photos of young, old, and gradually aging women, and to answer the age changes in the photos

Researchers Mauro Manassi and David Whitney said, " This mechanism of the brain is a kind of 'lazy' behavior , but it has two advantages

What are the deep-seated reasons for the phenomenon of human vision persistence?

Perception is the basis of human intelligent activities.

Regarding the causes of visual delay, the Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine has published an article entitled "Through the eye, slowly; Delays and localization errors in the visual system" in Nature Reviews Neuroscience for a detailed explanation (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Research results (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience )

The smooth pursuit motion test of this study showed that when smooth pursuit of a moving target T is performed, the physical signal of T hits the retina at time tn-x, but the signal does not reach the brain until 40 milliseconds later, and the brain does not process the signal until after that.

Figure 4 The effect of visual delay on smooth tracking (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience )

The complex system of human vision has amazing expressiveness, but one of its biggest shortcomings is the hysteresis response characteristics of the system, which is also one of the temporal characteristics of the visual system [1]

Persistence of vision makes humans have a delay in judging some things, such as crossing the road, seeing an oncoming car, and it is about to hit it.

References:

[1]Manassi M, Whitney D.

[2]Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M.

[3]Donner K.

Whether you follow basketball or not, you must have heard the name Kobe Bryant

Whether you follow basketball or not, you must have heard the name Kobe Bryant

The picture below (Picture 1) looks unremarkable at first glance, but you only need to stare at the four white dots on the nose, hold for 10 seconds without blinking, and then quickly stare at the white background wall and blink continuously, you can find Surprise - Kobe's face appeared ! I believe many people will have questions, what is going on? Is there a problem with the eyes? Or is there something wrong with the brain? In fact, both are fine, the problem occurs in the persistence of vision (also known as "afterglow effect")

Figure 1 Experimental image (Source: Twitter)

Figure 1 Experimental image (Source: Twitter)

Brain visual refresh with 15 seconds delay

Brain Vision Refresh, with a 15-second delay Brain Vision Refresh, with a 15-second delay

On January 14, 2022, research teams such as psychology and neuroscience at the University of California, Burnley, published an article entitled "Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serial dependence" in Science Advances , which studied from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience.
The underlying mechanism of the brain's processing of visual information, it was found that the brain has a delay in processing visual information
.
It will update the images seen in the last period of time after averaging and mixing, and the update time is about 15 seconds (Figure 2) [1]
.

On January 14, 2022, research teams such as psychology and neuroscience at the University of California, Burnley, published an article entitled "Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serial dependence" in Science Advances , which studied from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience.
The underlying mechanism of the brain's processing of visual information, it was found that the brain has a delay in processing visual information
.
It will update the images seen in the last period of time after averaging and mixing, and the update time is about 15 seconds (Figure 2) [1]
.
Science Advances

Figure 2 Research results (Source: Science Advances ) 

Figure 2 Research results (Source: Science Advances ) Science Advances 

The study recruited 70 participants, divided into three groups, to watch 30-second video photos of young, old, and gradually aging women, and to answer the age changes in the photos
.
The 47 people who watched the video significantly underestimated the change in age, by about 5 years on average
.
In addition, the researchers conducted 12 sets of comparative experiments, including adding random noise to the video and replacing age changes with gender changes, and found that participants' judgments on the age of faces were not only related to the opening image, but also affected by the entire video
.
In the end, the researchers learned from all experimental calculations that the latest image people saw was the result of smoothing all the information in the last 15 seconds or so, rather than a real-time image
.

The study recruited 70 participants, divided into three groups, to watch 30-second video photos of young, old, and gradually aging women, and to answer the age changes in the photos
.
The 47 people who watched the video significantly underestimated the change in age, by about 5 years on average
.
In addition, the researchers conducted 12 sets of comparative experiments, including adding random noise to the video and replacing age changes with gender changes, and found that participants' judgments on the age of faces were not only related to the opening image, but also affected by the entire video
.
In the end, the researchers learned from all experimental calculations that the latest image people saw was the result of smoothing all the information in the last 15 seconds or so, rather than a real-time image
.
video

Researchers Mauro Manassi and David Whitney said, " This mechanism of the brain is a kind of 'lazy' behavior , but it has two advantages
.
One is that it can save energy, because processing each frame of visual information in real time requires constantly mobilizing a large number of visual neurons.
, consumes too much; the other is to bring stable cognition, if the image is updated in real time, the human will feel that the world is too chaotic and unstable
.
At the same time, there is also a disadvantage, this delay and blurring mechanism has a positive effect in most daily life scenarios useful, but also creates problems when absolutely precise visual information is required
.
"

Researchers Mauro Manassi and David Whitney said, " This mechanism of the brain is a kind of 'lazy' behavior , but it has two advantages
.
One is that it can save energy, because processing each frame of visual information in real time requires constantly mobilizing a large number of visual neurons.
, consumes too much; the other is to bring stable cognition, if the image is updated in real time, the human will feel that the world is too chaotic and unstable
.
At the same time, there is also a disadvantage, this delay and blurring mechanism has a positive effect in most daily life scenarios But it can also cause problems when absolutely accurate visual information is required
.
" This mechanism of the brain is a kind of 'lazy' behavior , one can save energy, because processing each frame of visual information in real time requires mobilizing a large number of visual neurons.
, the consumption is too large; the other is to bring stable cognition, if the image is updated in real time, humans will feel that the world is too chaotic and unstable
.

What are the deep-seated reasons for the phenomenon of human vision persistence?

What are the deep-seated reasons for the phenomenon of human vision persistence? What are the deep-seated reasons for the phenomenon of human vision persistence?

Perception is the basis of human intelligent activities.
In daily life and work, human sensory organs are responsible for acquiring information from the surrounding environment and guiding their actions
.
The relationship between human cognition and organs is taste 1%, touch 1.
15%, smell 3.
15%, hearing 11%, vision 83%
.
From a memory standpoint, people remember 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear, and 30% of what they watch
.
It can be seen that vision is particularly important for humans to obtain external information
.

Perception is the basis of human intelligent activities.
In daily life and work, human sensory organs are responsible for acquiring information from the surrounding environment and guiding their actions
.
The relationship between human cognition and organs is taste 1%, touch 1.
15%, smell 3.
15%, hearing 11%, vision 83%
.
From a memory standpoint, people remember 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear, and 30% of what they watch
.
It can be seen that vision is particularly important for humans to obtain external information
.
The relationship between human cognition and organs is taste 1%, touch 1.
15%, smell 3.
15%, hearing 11%, vision 83%
.
From a memory standpoint, people remember 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear, and 30% of what they watch.

Regarding the causes of visual delay, the Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine has published an article entitled "Through the eye, slowly; Delays and localization errors in the visual system" in Nature Reviews Neuroscience for a detailed explanation (Figure 3).
[2]
.

Regarding the causes of visual delay, the Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine has published an article entitled "Through the eye, slowly; Delays and localization errors in the visual system" in Nature Reviews Neuroscience for a detailed explanation (Figure 3).
[2]
.
Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Figure 3 Research results (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience )

Figure 3 Research results (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience ) Nature Reviews Neuroscience

The smooth pursuit motion test of this study showed that when smooth pursuit of a moving target T is performed, the physical signal of T hits the retina at time tn-x, but the signal does not reach the brain until 40 milliseconds later, and the brain does not process the signal until after that.
At this time, the eye has moved to capture the next frame of information, which eventually causes the positioning error of the moving object in time and space (Figure 4)
.

The smooth pursuit motion test of this study showed that when smooth pursuit of a moving target T is performed, the physical signal of T hits the retina at time tn-x, but the signal does not reach the brain until 40 milliseconds later, and the brain does not process the signal until after that.
At this time, the eye has moved to capture the next frame of information, which eventually causes the positioning error of the moving object in time and space (Figure 4)
.
The smooth pursuit motion test of this study showed that when smooth pursuit of a moving target T is performed, the physical signal of T hits the retina at time tn-x, but the signal does not reach the brain until 40 milliseconds later, and the brain does not process the signal until after that.
At this time, the eyes have moved to capture the next frame of information, which will eventually cause the positioning error of the moving object in time and space (Figure 4).

Figure 4 The effect of visual delay on smooth tracking (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience )

Figure 4 The effect of visual delay on smooth tracking (Source: Nature Reviews Neuroscience ) Nature Reviews Neuroscience

The complex system of human vision has amazing expressiveness, but one of its biggest shortcomings is the hysteresis response characteristics of the system, which is also one of the temporal characteristics of the visual system [1]
.
Due to the existence of the hysteresis characteristic, the moving objects are blurred and mispositioned
.
When an object appears in front of the observer, it takes a period of time to respond to it, that is to say, after a visual stimulus is input into the visual system, the visual system needs a period of response time before the human can feel the stimulus
.
This characteristic causes the object seen is actually the object at a previous moment, which is the hysteresis characteristic of the visual system
.

The complex system of human vision has amazing expressiveness, but one of its biggest shortcomings is the hysteresis response characteristics of the system, which is also one of the temporal characteristics of the visual system [1]
.
Due to the existence of the hysteresis characteristic, the moving objects are blurred and mispositioned
.
When an object appears in front of the observer, it takes a period of time to respond to it, that is to say, after a visual stimulus is input into the visual system, the visual system needs a period of response time before the human can feel the stimulus
.
This characteristic causes the object seen is actually the object at a previous moment, which is the hysteresis characteristic of the visual system
.
Due to the existence of hysteresis characteristics, the phenomenon of blurring and mispositioning of moving objects leads to the fact that the objects seen are actually objects at a certain time before, which is the hysteresis characteristics of the visual system.

Persistence of vision makes humans have a delay in judging some things, such as crossing the road, seeing an oncoming car, and it is about to hit it.
Although we have reacted quickly, we still cannot avoid it
.
People tend to show that the eyes see, but the brain doesn't have time to process and send instructions to the body to respond
.
Persistence of vision also has a beneficial effect on us, for example, if there is no persistence of vision, then you will not be able to enjoy the wonderful film
.

Persistence of vision makes humans have a delay in judging some things, such as crossing the road, seeing an oncoming car, and it is about to hit it.
Although we have reacted quickly, we still cannot avoid it
.
People tend to show that the eyes see, but the brain doesn't have time to process and send instructions to the body to respond
.
Persistence of vision also has a beneficial effect on us, for example, if there is no persistence of vision, then you will not be able to enjoy the wonderful film
.
The eyes see, but the brain doesn't have time to process and send instructions to the body to respond

References:

References:

[1]Manassi M, Whitney D.
Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serialdependence.
Sci Adv.
2022 Jan 14;8(2):eabk2480.
doi: 10.
1126/sciadv.
abk2480.
Epub 2022 Jan 12.
PMID: 35020432.

[1]Manassi M, Whitney D.
Illusion of visual stability through active perceptual serialdependence.
Sci Adv.
2022 Jan 14;8(2):eabk2480.
doi: 10.
1126/sciadv.
abk2480.
Epub 2022 Jan 12.
PMID: 35020432.

[2]Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M.
Through the eye, slowly: delays and localization errors in the visual system.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2002 Mar;3(3):191-215.
doi: 10.
1038/nrn750.
PMID: 11994751.

[2]Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M.
Through the eye, slowly: delays and localization errors in the visual system.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2002 Mar;3(3):191-215.
doi: 10.
1038/nrn750.
PMID: 11994751.

[3]Donner K.
Temporal vision: measures, mechanisms and meaning.
J Exp Biol.
2021 Jul15;224(15):jeb222679.
doi: 10.
1242/jeb.
222679.
Epub 2021 Jul 30.
PMID:34328511; PMCID: PMC8353166.

[3]Donner K.
Temporal vision: measures, mechanisms and meaning.
J Exp Biol.
2021 Jul15;224(15):jeb222679.
doi: 10.
1242/jeb.
222679.
Epub 2021 Jul 30.
PMID:34328511; PMCID: PMC8353166.


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