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*For reference only for medical professionals.
How to avoid the occurrence of "concussion"? This issue of the Intelligence Bureau tells you! Summary of this article: Insufficient sleep, past mental health problems and stress are more likely to lead to post-concussion syndrome.
Maintaining a normal body weight helps promote brain health in healthy individuals and people with mild dementia.
Women may develop dementia later than men, but once women become ill, the disease progresses faster.
The expert group responded: "Taking lamotrigine increases heart risk" is still lacking effective evidence.
As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that lack of sleep, past mental health problems and stress have caused damage to the brain just like a concussion! According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), the global sleep disorder rate is 27%.
In China, most "beaters" feel that they don't have enough sleep.
The sleep survey report released by the Chinese Sleep Research Association shows that there are more than 300 million people in my country with sleep disorders, of which more than 3/4 of those who fall asleep after 11 o'clock in the evening, and nearly 1/3 of those who can only fall asleep after 1 o'clock in the morning.
.
"Jiemei" asked weakly, "Are you slept well?" Recently, a research team from Ohio State University investigated 30,587 college athletes.
In the absence of recent concussions, 11%-27 % Of college students suffer from post-concussion syndrome (PCS).
The three main factors leading to PCS are: lack of sleep, previous mental health problems and stress.
The results of the study were published in Sports Medicine [1].
Figure 1.
The results of the study were published on Sports Medicine after adjusting for inclusion/exclusion criteria.
The final population included 12,039 students from four military academies in the United States and 18,548 college students participating in NCAA sports competitions at American universities. All participants were evaluated by the Symptom Evaluation of Exercise Concussion Assessment Tool-3rd Edition (SCAT3), and PCS was classified according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) PCS Symptom Standard, including persistent headache and insomnia , Inattention and memory loss, etc.
The study found that among the cadets of the military academy, 17.
8% of men and 27.
6% of women met the PCS ICD-10 symptom criteria.
Among American college athletes, 11.
4% of men and 20% of women meet the PCS ICD-10 symptom criteria.
In addition, academic problems, just entering school, suffering from ADHD or depression can increase the risk of PCS.
Figure 2.
Factors that increase the risk of PCS.
It seems that lack of sleep and stress can damage the brain.
By understanding these factors that may cause PCS, it may help prevent concussions and improve the quality of the prognosis of the PCS population.
As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that maintaining a normal body weight is good for promoting the brain health of healthy individuals and people with mild dementia! Alzheimer's disease (AD), commonly known as "Alzheimer's disease", is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, often accompanied by impaired activities of daily living and abnormal mental behavior.
At present, more and more evidences show that lifestyle changes may affect the risk of dementia.
Recently, a new study from the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom found that obesity (overweight) may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease for brain health.
Studies have shown that obesity may cause fragility of nerve tissue, and maintaining a healthy weight in patients with mild dementia and healthy individuals may help protect the brain structure.
The results of the study were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports [2].
Figure 3.
The results of the study were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports.
Researchers used MRI to scan patients with clinically diagnosed mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (47), patients with mild cognitive impairment (68) and healthy Individuals (57) tried to find the association between their brain gray matter volume, white matter integrity, cerebral blood flow and overall obesity/visceral obesity.
Studies have found that in cognitively healthy individuals, there is a negative correlation between obesity and white matter integrity and cerebral blood flow in the temporal and parietal region; in mild cognitive impairment, there is a negative correlation between the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and brain stem region ; In mild dementia, obesity is found to be positively correlated with the volume of gray matter around the right temporoparietal confluence.
It can be seen that obesity may lead to the fragility of nervous tissue in healthy individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment.
However, maintaining a healthy weight seems to be able to reverse these effects and protect the structure of the brain.
As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that women may develop dementia later than men, but once women become ill, the disease progresses faster! There is evidence that women are more likely to suffer from depression, breast cancer, and indigestion than men.
But I didn't expect that there are gender differences in Alzheimer's disease.
what happened? Take a look! Recently, a new study from the University of Michigan School of Medicine found that women may develop dementia later than men, but once women develop dementia, the disease often progresses much faster than men.
The results of the study indicate that women may have greater cognitive reserves than men, which may lead to gender differences in Alzheimer's disease.
The research results were published on JAMA Network Open [3].
Figure 4.
The results of the study were published on JAMA Network Open.
This cohort study summarized and analyzed the data of 5 cohort studies from 1971 to 2017 (Community Atherosclerosis Risk Study, Young People Coronary Artery Risk Development Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Descendants Studies and North Manhattan Studies). The researchers asked the participants to take one or more cognitive assessments and blood pressure measurements before the first cognitive measurement, and then conducted face-to-face cognitive function tests on the participants; the study found that compared with men, women performed better.
High language cognitive ability, and men have higher visual spatial skills than women.
In addition, women have greater cognitive reserves than men and may develop Alzheimer’s later, but once they develop, women’s cognitive decline will be faster.
It seems that women need to put cognitive assessment on the agenda even more! In order to be able to detect cognitive decline as early as possible, and minimize the possibility of "Once you are caught by dementia, you will not be able to jump off"! As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that the FDA's warning "taking lamotrigine increases heart risk" may still lack effective evidence! The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pointed out in October last year that lamotrigine may increase the risk of arrhythmia in patients with heart disease.
This warning is based on undisclosed in vitro data from GlaxoSmithKline.
Can lamotrigine be used? Let's take a look at the latest response! Figure 5.
The latest response was published on Medscape Medical News.
Recently, a joint working group of the American Society of Epilepsy (AES) and the International Anti-Epilepsy Alliance (ILAE) issued a recommendation to respond to the FDA's warning on the use of lamotrigine .
The working group stated that the FDA’s warning stems from undisclosed data, and this warning has aroused the vigilance of patients and doctors [4].
The co-chair of the working group, Jacqueline French, a professor at the New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, said that other antidiuretics may affect cognition and concentration and make patients drowsy, but lamotrigine is one of the few that has really mild effects.
Drugs, and the FDA’s warning is "very strong", which is worrying to a certain extent.
It is worth noting that the working group has addressed key issues, including which patients can safely take lamotrigine and when they need ECG assistance.
In addition.
The working group pointed out that lamotrigine treatment does not have a significant risk of arrhythmia in patients without heart disease.
At present, "Lamotrigine increases heart risk" belongs to the FDA's "thesis", and there is not enough evidence to prove whether this view is correct.
Therefore, doctors and patients do not have to worry and panic too much.
Based on the clinical performance of lamotrigine, we should be optimistic.
References: [1]Caccese,JB,Iverson,GL,Hunzinger,KJet al.
Factors Associated with Symptom Reporting in USService Academy Cadets and NCAA Student Athletes without Concussion:Findings from the CARE Consortium.
Sports Med (2021).
[2] Dake,Manmohi D.
et al.
'Obesity and Brain Vulnerability in Normal and Abnormal Aging:A Multimodal MRI Study'.
1 Jan.
2021:65–77.
[3]Levine DA,Gross AL,Briceño EM,et al.
Sex Differences in Cognitive Decline Among US Adults.
JAMA Netw Open.
2021;4(2):e210169.
doi:10.
1001/jamanetworkopen.
2021.
0169[4]https:// =26&impID=3216149&faf=1
How to avoid the occurrence of "concussion"? This issue of the Intelligence Bureau tells you! Summary of this article: Insufficient sleep, past mental health problems and stress are more likely to lead to post-concussion syndrome.
Maintaining a normal body weight helps promote brain health in healthy individuals and people with mild dementia.
Women may develop dementia later than men, but once women become ill, the disease progresses faster.
The expert group responded: "Taking lamotrigine increases heart risk" is still lacking effective evidence.
As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that lack of sleep, past mental health problems and stress have caused damage to the brain just like a concussion! According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), the global sleep disorder rate is 27%.
In China, most "beaters" feel that they don't have enough sleep.
The sleep survey report released by the Chinese Sleep Research Association shows that there are more than 300 million people in my country with sleep disorders, of which more than 3/4 of those who fall asleep after 11 o'clock in the evening, and nearly 1/3 of those who can only fall asleep after 1 o'clock in the morning.
.
"Jiemei" asked weakly, "Are you slept well?" Recently, a research team from Ohio State University investigated 30,587 college athletes.
In the absence of recent concussions, 11%-27 % Of college students suffer from post-concussion syndrome (PCS).
The three main factors leading to PCS are: lack of sleep, previous mental health problems and stress.
The results of the study were published in Sports Medicine [1].
Figure 1.
The results of the study were published on Sports Medicine after adjusting for inclusion/exclusion criteria.
The final population included 12,039 students from four military academies in the United States and 18,548 college students participating in NCAA sports competitions at American universities. All participants were evaluated by the Symptom Evaluation of Exercise Concussion Assessment Tool-3rd Edition (SCAT3), and PCS was classified according to the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) PCS Symptom Standard, including persistent headache and insomnia , Inattention and memory loss, etc.
The study found that among the cadets of the military academy, 17.
8% of men and 27.
6% of women met the PCS ICD-10 symptom criteria.
Among American college athletes, 11.
4% of men and 20% of women meet the PCS ICD-10 symptom criteria.
In addition, academic problems, just entering school, suffering from ADHD or depression can increase the risk of PCS.
Figure 2.
Factors that increase the risk of PCS.
It seems that lack of sleep and stress can damage the brain.
By understanding these factors that may cause PCS, it may help prevent concussions and improve the quality of the prognosis of the PCS population.
As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that maintaining a normal body weight is good for promoting the brain health of healthy individuals and people with mild dementia! Alzheimer's disease (AD), commonly known as "Alzheimer's disease", is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, often accompanied by impaired activities of daily living and abnormal mental behavior.
At present, more and more evidences show that lifestyle changes may affect the risk of dementia.
Recently, a new study from the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom found that obesity (overweight) may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease for brain health.
Studies have shown that obesity may cause fragility of nerve tissue, and maintaining a healthy weight in patients with mild dementia and healthy individuals may help protect the brain structure.
The results of the study were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports [2].
Figure 3.
The results of the study were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports.
Researchers used MRI to scan patients with clinically diagnosed mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (47), patients with mild cognitive impairment (68) and healthy Individuals (57) tried to find the association between their brain gray matter volume, white matter integrity, cerebral blood flow and overall obesity/visceral obesity.
Studies have found that in cognitively healthy individuals, there is a negative correlation between obesity and white matter integrity and cerebral blood flow in the temporal and parietal region; in mild cognitive impairment, there is a negative correlation between the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and brain stem region ; In mild dementia, obesity is found to be positively correlated with the volume of gray matter around the right temporoparietal confluence.
It can be seen that obesity may lead to the fragility of nervous tissue in healthy individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment.
However, maintaining a healthy weight seems to be able to reverse these effects and protect the structure of the brain.
As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that women may develop dementia later than men, but once women become ill, the disease progresses faster! There is evidence that women are more likely to suffer from depression, breast cancer, and indigestion than men.
But I didn't expect that there are gender differences in Alzheimer's disease.
what happened? Take a look! Recently, a new study from the University of Michigan School of Medicine found that women may develop dementia later than men, but once women develop dementia, the disease often progresses much faster than men.
The results of the study indicate that women may have greater cognitive reserves than men, which may lead to gender differences in Alzheimer's disease.
The research results were published on JAMA Network Open [3].
Figure 4.
The results of the study were published on JAMA Network Open.
This cohort study summarized and analyzed the data of 5 cohort studies from 1971 to 2017 (Community Atherosclerosis Risk Study, Young People Coronary Artery Risk Development Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Descendants Studies and North Manhattan Studies). The researchers asked the participants to take one or more cognitive assessments and blood pressure measurements before the first cognitive measurement, and then conducted face-to-face cognitive function tests on the participants; the study found that compared with men, women performed better.
High language cognitive ability, and men have higher visual spatial skills than women.
In addition, women have greater cognitive reserves than men and may develop Alzheimer’s later, but once they develop, women’s cognitive decline will be faster.
It seems that women need to put cognitive assessment on the agenda even more! In order to be able to detect cognitive decline as early as possible, and minimize the possibility of "Once you are caught by dementia, you will not be able to jump off"! As an agent on the front line of the brain, I found that the FDA's warning "taking lamotrigine increases heart risk" may still lack effective evidence! The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pointed out in October last year that lamotrigine may increase the risk of arrhythmia in patients with heart disease.
This warning is based on undisclosed in vitro data from GlaxoSmithKline.
Can lamotrigine be used? Let's take a look at the latest response! Figure 5.
The latest response was published on Medscape Medical News.
Recently, a joint working group of the American Society of Epilepsy (AES) and the International Anti-Epilepsy Alliance (ILAE) issued a recommendation to respond to the FDA's warning on the use of lamotrigine .
The working group stated that the FDA’s warning stems from undisclosed data, and this warning has aroused the vigilance of patients and doctors [4].
The co-chair of the working group, Jacqueline French, a professor at the New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, said that other antidiuretics may affect cognition and concentration and make patients drowsy, but lamotrigine is one of the few that has really mild effects.
Drugs, and the FDA’s warning is "very strong", which is worrying to a certain extent.
It is worth noting that the working group has addressed key issues, including which patients can safely take lamotrigine and when they need ECG assistance.
In addition.
The working group pointed out that lamotrigine treatment does not have a significant risk of arrhythmia in patients without heart disease.
At present, "Lamotrigine increases heart risk" belongs to the FDA's "thesis", and there is not enough evidence to prove whether this view is correct.
Therefore, doctors and patients do not have to worry and panic too much.
Based on the clinical performance of lamotrigine, we should be optimistic.
References: [1]Caccese,JB,Iverson,GL,Hunzinger,KJet al.
Factors Associated with Symptom Reporting in USService Academy Cadets and NCAA Student Athletes without Concussion:Findings from the CARE Consortium.
Sports Med (2021).
[2] Dake,Manmohi D.
et al.
'Obesity and Brain Vulnerability in Normal and Abnormal Aging:A Multimodal MRI Study'.
1 Jan.
2021:65–77.
[3]Levine DA,Gross AL,Briceño EM,et al.
Sex Differences in Cognitive Decline Among US Adults.
JAMA Netw Open.
2021;4(2):e210169.
doi:10.
1001/jamanetworkopen.
2021.
0169[4]https:// =26&impID=3216149&faf=1
