What are microorganisms? What are its classification characteristics?

Children who have learned biology know that there are microorganisms in this group.
what exactly is a vitamin and what are its classification characteristics? Today this article editor to give you a detailed introduction, hasten to follow this small editor together oh look at it! Noun explanation: Microbes are all the naked eye can not see or can not see the tiny creatures, small individuals, simple structure, usually with optical microscopes and electron microscopes to see clearly, collectively referred to as microorganisms.
microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a small number of algae.
(but some microorganisms are visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms belonging to fungi, reishi, etc.).
) Virus is a class of "non-cellular organisms" consisting of a few components, such as nucleic acids and proteins, but its survival must depend on living cells.
according to the existence of different environments are divided into pronuclecies, space microorganisms, fungal microorganisms, yeast microorganisms, marine microorganisms and so on.
: Subterranean microbes In 1989, experts from several U.S. universities and the Department of Energy discovered a "whole new ecosystem" during a survey in South Carolina.
more than 3,000 microbial tissues, many of them first discovered, under the 550-meter surface.
these microbes, most of which absorb oxygen from groundwater, while others do not need oxygen to survive.
these microbes absorb less nutrients and metabolize slowly, and they live like some surface animals hibernating.
definition of marine microbial microorganisms 1: small individuals distributed in the ocean, simple morphological structure of single-celled or multicellular organisms.
subject: Aquaculture (first-level discipline), basic aquatic science (secondary discipline) Definition 2: the general name of small individuals in the ocean, simple construction of low-class organisms.
include bacteria, line bacteria, mold, yeast, viruses, chromogens, mycogens, phages and microalgae and micro-progeny.
subjects: resource science and technology (first-level discipline); marine resource science (second-level discipline) all microorganisms with marine water as their normal habitat.
however, due to the different discipline traditions and research methods, this paper does not introduce single-celled algae, but only discusses bacteria, fungi and phages and other narrow microbiology objects.
marine bacteria is an important link in marine ecosystems.
characteristics of salty marine microorganisms are the most common characteristics.
sea water necessary for the growth of real marine microorganisms.
sea water is rich in a variety of inororable salts and trace elements.
is necessary for the growth and metabolism of marine microorganisms, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur or other trace elements are also necessary for the growth of certain marine microorganisms.
about 90% of the marine environment temperature is below 5 degrees C, the vast majority of marine microorganisms require lower growth temperature, the general temperature of more than 37 degrees C to stop growth or death.
microorganisms that can grow at 0 degrees C or whose best growth temperature is below 20 degrees C are called cold-obsessed microorganisms.
are mainly found in polar, deep-sea or high-latitude seas.
its cell membrane structure has the characteristics of adapting to low temperature.
cold bacteria that rely strictly on low temperatures to survive are extremely sensitive to thermal reactions, even if the medium temperature is enough to hinder their growth and metabolism.
pressure in the pressure-absorbing ocean varies depending on the water depth, and for every 10 meters increase in water depth, the static water pressure increases by 1 standard atmospheric pressure.
the ocean's deepest hydrostatic pressure can exceed 1000 atmospheres.
deep-sea waters are a vast ecosystem, about 56% of the marine environment is under pressure of 100 to 1100 atmospheres, pressure-absorbing is unique characteristics of deep-sea microorganisms.
microorganisms originating in shallow seas generally can only tolerate lower pressures, while deep-sea pressure-addicted bacteria have the ability to grow in high-pressure environments and maintain the stability of their enzyme systems in high-pressure environments.
study of the physiological properties of pressure-addicted microorganisms requires the use of high-pressure culturers to maintain specific pressures.
deep-sea pressure bacteria that survives strictly on high pressure, and it has so far been difficult to obtain pure cultured strains due to research constraints.
based on the data of microbial physiological activity obtained by the automatic inoculation culture device in the deep sea field experiment, the process of microbial decomposition of various organic matter at the bottom of the deep sea is quite slow.
nutrients in low-nutrient seawater are relatively thin, and some marine bacteria require growth on nutrient-poor mediums.
in the general nutrient-rich culture, some bacteria in the first form of bacteria backward is rapid death, and some simply can not form a microbiosis.
marine bacteria are poisoned to death during the formation of the microbiosis due to the accumulation of their own metabolites.
this phenomenon suggests that conventional plate methods are not an ideal method for separating marine microorganisms.
Polymorphism When observing bacterial morphology under a microscope, it is sometimes possible to observe multiple forms at the same time in the pure culture of the same bacterium, such as spherical ovals, rods of varying sizes, or cells of various irregular forms.
this polyform is particularly common in marine Erlan-negative bacteria.
this characteristic appears to be the product of long-term adaptation of microorganisms to complex marine environments.
luminescence is shown in only a few marine bacteria.
luminescent bacteria can usually be isolated from seawater or fish products.
is sensitive to the reaction of chemical and chemical factors to the phenomenon of bacterial luminescence, so attempts have been made to use luminescent bacteria as an indicator of water pollution.
the study of space microbial ecology shows that the earth is the cradle of the survival of all things, it includes the land ecosystem, the water ecosystem and the atmospheric ecosystem around the earth and other natural ecosystems.
microorganisms that can survive in atmospheric environments make up the atmospheric microbial ecosystem in nature.
atmosphere is divided into the thyfer, stratulation, and iont layer.
Because the atmosphere rises with altitude, the temperature drops rapidly (the temperature in the troposphere is only -43——-83 degrees Celsius), and the chemical, physical and other factors (ozone, micro-gravity, UV rays, etc.) that are not conducive to life activities are enhanced, so the microorganisms in this ecosystem are only resistant to inverse sleep and dust, mist droplets, animal breathing and excreta from microbial cells or spores.
microorganisms enter or exceed the ionosphere in the natural ecosystem, it is difficult to survive due to the strong radiation, micro-gravity and other space environmental factors formed by Galactic rays and geomagnetic capture radiation.
, an emerging science that studies life beyond Earth, including on other planets, is taking shape.
In this field of research, space biologists, on the one hand, use a variety of space vehicles (high-altitude balloons, orbiting satellites, space stations, space shuttles, etc.) to explore the response of living organisms to the effects of space environment factors (i.e., biological effects), to provide theoretical knowledge and technical basis for human conquest of space, and the main content of space biology research: on the other hand, more and more scientists are trying to find possible forms of life outside the Earth through the detection of rock and dust samples taken from other planets, including Mars, the Moon, Jupiter, etc.
source: Sogou E.E..