What is the impact of floods on rice production? Expert: It's still expected to be a good harvest

the beginning of this year, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have had early and long duration, wide rainfall distribution, large cumulative rainfall, and heavy flooding in some areas. The occurrence of the situation coincides with the critical period of early rice grout harvest, middle rice field management and late rice planting. How will this year's floods in the south affect rice production and reduce rice production? Our reporter followed up.
disaster, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized a rice expert group to conduct field research and assessment of the impact of the disaster, scientifically guide post-disaster production recovery, and minimize disaster losses. Wang Go, deputy director of the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, said that from field visits and research, this year's relatively concentrated area, the worst affected is early rice, rice in the first quarter and late rice in two seasons are also affected to varying degrees, but due to the expansion of planting area, technical support and other factors, rice is expected to achieve a good harvest this year.The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs agricultural situation dispatch shows that, from the current situation of early rice production, flooding caused local areas of early rice paddies can not be harvested in time, the phenomenon of falling and spike germination is serious, the yield will be affected to a certain extent, but thanks to the substantial increase in sowing area, China's early rice production to achieve increased production, early rice production did not reverse the trend of increasing production. National early rice production data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on August 19th showed that the country's total early rice production in 2020 will be 27.29 million tons, an increase of 1.028 million tons over 2019, an increase of 3.9%, reversing seven consecutive years of decline.
- the area under cultivation has expanded.
this year, the state has taken strong measures to resume early rice production, de-cultivation and wasteland has been fully restored, and the area under early rice cultivation has increased significantly, laying a solid foundation for the stability of total production. In 2020, the country's early rice planting area of 4751 thousand hectares, an increase of 300.7 thousand hectares over the previous year, an increase of 6.8%. By region, 7 of the 10 early rice producing provinces (regions) increased their sowing area. Among them, Hunan and Jiangxi increased the most, by 131.1 thousand hectares and 121.7 thousand hectares, respectively, an increase of 12.0% and 11.1%.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the agricultural situation dispatch shows that early this year, although the area affected by rice is relatively large, but the disaster area and the area of the harvest is much smaller. The large increase in the area of the main rice producing area has made room for the disaster of early rice and provided the area guarantee for stabilizing the rice yield.
- Group building is reasonable.
early this year, rice growth period, the early meteorological conditions are generally favorable, warm water and other resources match better, seedling quality is good, with a rich basis. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs multi-point fixed-point survey comparison, the average number of rice early this year, the number of spike grains than last year have increased, the scity rate and a thousand grain weight slightly reduced. According to the National Bureau of Statistics' measured sample survey of early rice, the yield per mu was 383 kg, 10.5 kg less than in 2019.
- production technology support enhanced.
There are 4 provinces with more than 10 million mu of early rice cultivation in China, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (regions) are not affected by the floods, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces are more severely affected, and the affected areas are mainly along the river and lake areas. These regions have a history of frequent disasters, disaster prevention and mitigation awareness is strong.
years, with the increase of large-scale business entities, the area of concentrated breeding continues to expand, the number of drying equipment is increasing. The concentrated breeding has greatly improved the quality of seedlings and the resilience of the crops themselves to disasters, and the drying equipment has provided a guarantee for early rice harvest, greatly reduced disaster losses and made it possible to harvest harvests.Although the floods caused the southern part of the rice fertility process delayed, unable to tan the field in time, blocked the distribution of rice and other adverse circumstances, but Wang Go said that the current rice in the seedling period, the late room for manoeuvre, as long as there is no major natural disasters later, single production and total production is expected to be the same as last year.
- the concentration of affected areas.
China's rice distribution range, from south to north are planted, mainly in the northeast rice region, southwest rice region and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River rice area, planting area of about 304 million mu in 2019. This year's disaster is mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, because the region's rice is in the stage, strong flood resistance, the overall production impact is limited, disaster and harvest mainly concentrated along the river flood storage area, accounting for a small proportion of the country's rice area.
- Responses are timely.after the
disaster, all places attach great importance to disaster reduction work, the first time according to the water situation, the use of mechanical drainage or drainage ditches and other methods, to eliminate the accumulation of water in the field and tillage water, reduce the time of water accumulation, water withdrawal after timely application of quick-acting fertilizer, to promote plant growth and high-yielding group construction. In the later stage of rice growth, according to different planting methods, varieties and seedlings, potash fertilizer can be appropriately added to accelerate grain grout.
- reserve technology matures.
years, there are more studies on rice flood disasters and the technology of disaster reduction is mature. For the fields before the Yanghua period, water control and fertilizer operation can be strengthened after discharge, to promote the transformation and upgrading of seedlings; Before cutting seedlings, timely follow-up nitrogen fertilizer, to ensure that the high yield of renewable rice spike, to a large extent can reduce disaster losses.floods caused some late rice paddies to be flooded, seedling quality deviation, seedlings high seedlings weak, back to green period extended, is not conducive to the stable production of late rice high yield. However, Wang said that late rice production there is an increase in planting area, sufficient technical reserves and other favorable factors, as long as the field management measures in place, late rice production and harvest is guaranteed.
- the area is expected to increase.
as the first season of double-season rice, not only affect the season, but also affect the next late rice. The increase in rice area in the early part of this year laid the foundation for the increase in the area of late rice. At present, all regions are actively carrying out post-disaster recovery production to ensure the area of late rice cultivation.
- Technology in place.
early this year, rice let go, all over the implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation technology, fertilization, good medicine, to do a good job of time-hitting planting, in order to make up late, the basic seedling foot. At the same time, strengthen the control of water fertilizer, promote early hair, speed up the fertility process.
- disaster reduction technology is perfect.
For the destruction of the field, can not be planted in the field can be according to local conditions "early turn late", scientific selection of suitable early rice varieties, as soon as possible to clear the sowing, while strengthening the prevention and control of pests and grasses after planting, can effectively reduce disaster losses.
experts said that China's vast territory, vast territory, ecological types, resource endowments vary, disasters are often regional, phased, a region or a season of crops affected, does not mean that the whole year and the national production reduction. In recent years, with the improvement of science and technology, the comprehensive production capacity of rice has been continuously improved, and the ability to resist natural disasters has been continuously enhanced. From a national point of view, the climate is complex and changeable, every year there are disaster-stricken areas, but also disaster-free production of places, the total amount of mutual compensation, space adjustment room. From the point of view of rice itself, there is a certain group self-regulation and yield composition factors compensation capacity, individual and group interdependence and constraints eventually form a different yield structure, such as the number of mu of spike decreased, to a certain extent, the number of spike grain will increase.
, Wang Said,
As long as the disaster monitoring and early warning, strengthen disaster prevention and mitigation plan implementation, as long as the response measures in place, remediation technology is appropriate, the same can get a good harvest." ”