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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team Today, the world-renowned scientific journal "Nature" published a blockbuster paper.
Scientists have found that as long as a simple method is used, the "garbage" in the brain can be removed.
Many media reported that this method may be of great significance to the treatment of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease! Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that can cause symptoms of dementia.
The patient's memory may become impaired, and in severe cases, even his children may not be able to recognize it.
It is estimated that there are approximately 10 million Alzheimer's patients in China.
A typical feature of this disease is a pathological phenomenon called "amyloid deposition" in the brain.
In the past decade or so, many large overseas pharmaceutical companies have tried to develop new drugs to remove these amyloid deposits and improve patients' cognitive ability.
Unfortunately, these attempts almost all ended in failure.
This also makes scientists suspect that maybe these amyloid deposits are not the cause at all? ▲Mice with intact lymphatic vessel structure can discharge waste in an orderly manner.
Different colors represent different fluorescent beads (picture source: reference [1]) other scientists have different opinions.
They pointed out that the "lymphatic drainage system" of the brain is also important for the deposition of amyloid.
This drainage system is like a drain in the brain, which can remove cell debris and other "trash.
"
Some past studies have also shown that in old mice, the damage of lymphatic vessels is associated with amyloid deposits, suggesting that lymphatic vessels may play a certain function in age-related dementias such as Alzheimer's disease.
To further confirm this idea, the researchers conducted an experiment in a mouse model of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
They removed some of the lymphatic vessels in the brains of mice and treated them with a drug called aducanumab to observe their symptoms.
▲After a part of the lymphatic vessel is removed, the efficiency of waste discharge is reduced.
Different colors represent different fluorescent beads (picture source: reference [1]).
Sure enough, compared with the control group, aducanumab could not effectively target amyloid in the brains of these mice, and it also caused more deposition.
And there are many immune cells that can cause inflammation in the brains of mice.
This is very interesting, because inflammation is another pathological phenomenon of Alzheimer's disease.
In the brains of human patients with Alzheimer's disease, immune cells with similar genetic characteristics can also be observed.
Eventually, the cognitive abilities of these mice were defective.
What's more interesting is that if you promote the function of the brain's lymphatic system, these phenomena can be reversed! The researchers did another experiment, adding a growth factor in addition to the aducanumab drug.
This growth factor can enhance the "drainage" function of the brain's lymphatic vessels.
The study found that the lymphatic system of these mice has indeed expanded, and the amyloid deposits in the brain have also been reduced.
▲Lymphatic vessels (blue/green) are an important way for the mouse brain to exclude amyloid deposits (red) (picture source: reference [2]; Credit: Sandro Da Mesquita) "Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease A major feature of other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia is the accumulation of protein in the brain,” said Professor Jonathan Kipnis, one of the leaders of this study.
“If you can break up these accumulated proteins, but you can’t The wreckage is discharged from the brain, so our achievements (in disease treatment) are also very limited.
" And what this research does is to keep the brain's "sewage" open.
Dr.
Richard Hodes, director of the National Institute of Aging (NIA), also spoke highly of the research.He pointed out that the results of many recent treatments for Alzheimer's disease did not show consistency, indicating that there may be other reasons behind it.
Although the results of this study have yet to be confirmed, it has been shown that there is a correlation between the normal function of the cerebral lymphatic system and the reduction of amyloid deposits.
"This may be an important step in advancing this type of therapy.
" It is worth mentioning that the aducanumab used in this study is a mouse version, while the human version of aducanumab has already submitted a marketing application to the US FDA, which is expected in June this year.
I got a reply 7 days ago.
If the findings in this study can be repeated in the human body, it will undoubtedly be the blockbuster news in the field of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
I believe that tens of millions of patients around the world will also look forward to seeing this research validated as soon as possible.
References: [1] Da Mesquita, S.
, Papadopoulos, Z.
, Dykstra, T.
et al.
Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Aβ immunotherapy.
Nature (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/ s41586-021-03489-0[2] Brain's waste removal system may offer path to better outcomes in Alzheimer's therapy, Retrieved April 28, 2021, from .
php[3] Draining brain's debris enhances Alzheimer's therapies in mice, Retrieved April 28, 2021, from
Scientists have found that as long as a simple method is used, the "garbage" in the brain can be removed.
Many media reported that this method may be of great significance to the treatment of brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease! Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that can cause symptoms of dementia.
The patient's memory may become impaired, and in severe cases, even his children may not be able to recognize it.
It is estimated that there are approximately 10 million Alzheimer's patients in China.
A typical feature of this disease is a pathological phenomenon called "amyloid deposition" in the brain.
In the past decade or so, many large overseas pharmaceutical companies have tried to develop new drugs to remove these amyloid deposits and improve patients' cognitive ability.
Unfortunately, these attempts almost all ended in failure.
This also makes scientists suspect that maybe these amyloid deposits are not the cause at all? ▲Mice with intact lymphatic vessel structure can discharge waste in an orderly manner.
Different colors represent different fluorescent beads (picture source: reference [1]) other scientists have different opinions.
They pointed out that the "lymphatic drainage system" of the brain is also important for the deposition of amyloid.
This drainage system is like a drain in the brain, which can remove cell debris and other "trash.
"
Some past studies have also shown that in old mice, the damage of lymphatic vessels is associated with amyloid deposits, suggesting that lymphatic vessels may play a certain function in age-related dementias such as Alzheimer's disease.
To further confirm this idea, the researchers conducted an experiment in a mouse model of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
They removed some of the lymphatic vessels in the brains of mice and treated them with a drug called aducanumab to observe their symptoms.
▲After a part of the lymphatic vessel is removed, the efficiency of waste discharge is reduced.
Different colors represent different fluorescent beads (picture source: reference [1]).
Sure enough, compared with the control group, aducanumab could not effectively target amyloid in the brains of these mice, and it also caused more deposition.
And there are many immune cells that can cause inflammation in the brains of mice.
This is very interesting, because inflammation is another pathological phenomenon of Alzheimer's disease.
In the brains of human patients with Alzheimer's disease, immune cells with similar genetic characteristics can also be observed.
Eventually, the cognitive abilities of these mice were defective.
What's more interesting is that if you promote the function of the brain's lymphatic system, these phenomena can be reversed! The researchers did another experiment, adding a growth factor in addition to the aducanumab drug.
This growth factor can enhance the "drainage" function of the brain's lymphatic vessels.
The study found that the lymphatic system of these mice has indeed expanded, and the amyloid deposits in the brain have also been reduced.
▲Lymphatic vessels (blue/green) are an important way for the mouse brain to exclude amyloid deposits (red) (picture source: reference [2]; Credit: Sandro Da Mesquita) "Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease A major feature of other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia is the accumulation of protein in the brain,” said Professor Jonathan Kipnis, one of the leaders of this study.
“If you can break up these accumulated proteins, but you can’t The wreckage is discharged from the brain, so our achievements (in disease treatment) are also very limited.
" And what this research does is to keep the brain's "sewage" open.
Dr.
Richard Hodes, director of the National Institute of Aging (NIA), also spoke highly of the research.He pointed out that the results of many recent treatments for Alzheimer's disease did not show consistency, indicating that there may be other reasons behind it.
Although the results of this study have yet to be confirmed, it has been shown that there is a correlation between the normal function of the cerebral lymphatic system and the reduction of amyloid deposits.
"This may be an important step in advancing this type of therapy.
" It is worth mentioning that the aducanumab used in this study is a mouse version, while the human version of aducanumab has already submitted a marketing application to the US FDA, which is expected in June this year.
I got a reply 7 days ago.
If the findings in this study can be repeated in the human body, it will undoubtedly be the blockbuster news in the field of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
I believe that tens of millions of patients around the world will also look forward to seeing this research validated as soon as possible.
References: [1] Da Mesquita, S.
, Papadopoulos, Z.
, Dykstra, T.
et al.
Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Aβ immunotherapy.
Nature (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/ s41586-021-03489-0[2] Brain's waste removal system may offer path to better outcomes in Alzheimer's therapy, Retrieved April 28, 2021, from .
php[3] Draining brain's debris enhances Alzheimer's therapies in mice, Retrieved April 28, 2021, from
