Xie Fuzhan, director of National Research Office, interprets the 2012 government work report

Source: central government portal 2012-03-22 comprehensively grasps the general keynote of seeking progress in stability, consolidates and develops the good situation of economic and social development -- Xie Fuzhan, Secretary of the Party group and director of the Research Office of the State Council, interprets the report on government work this year, which is of special significance in the development process of China It is of great significance that our party will hold the 18th National Congress to do a good job in government work and consolidate and develop the good situation of economic and social development The fifth session of the 11th National People's Congress just concluded deliberated and adopted the report on the work of the government (hereinafter referred to as the report) made by Premier Wen Jiabao The report holds high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully embodies the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth plenary sessions of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the central economic work conference, fully embodies the expectations, interests and requirements of the people, fully embodies the government's dedication, determination, determination, overcoming difficulties, never slacking off, and high responsibility for the country and the people The spirit of this year's work is a comprehensive programme of action for the government We should study and understand it carefully and implement it in an all-round way Here, mainly talk about personal learning "report" some experience and understanding The year 2011 is the first year of the 12th Five Year Plan Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the people of all ethnic groups conscientiously implement the scientific outlook on development, work with one heart and one mind, and forge ahead in unity China's reform and opening up and socialist modernization drive have made great achievements We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start First, steady and rapid economic growth The gross domestic product of the year was 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year This is a satisfactory pace, whether compared to the annual target or to other countries The slow decline of economic growth is not only influenced by external environment, economic cycle and other factors, but also the result of our active regulation to a certain extent, which is conducive to the long-term stable and healthy development of the national economy Second, the excessive rise of prices has been reversed After the year-on-year growth of consumer prices reached a high of 6.5% in July, it fell back continuously, rising 4.1% in December and 5.4% in the whole year Third, we have made positive progress in adjusting the economic structure and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development Agriculture has achieved a comprehensive harvest, and the total grain output has achieved the "eight consecutive increases" rarely seen in history For five consecutive years, it has exceeded one trillion Jin, steadily reaching a new level Strategic emerging industries and modern service industries have accelerated their development, and new progress has been made in the transformation of traditional industries The coordination of regional development has been further enhanced, and the industrial and investment growth in the central and western regions is significantly faster than that in the East The economic benefits have been steadily improved, and the profits of Industrial Enterprises above Designated Size nationwide have reached 5454.4 billion yuan, an increase of 25.4% year on year Fourth, the people's living standards have improved significantly 12.21 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, the income of urban residents increased rapidly, and the growth rate of farmers' income was the highest since 1985 The development of various social undertakings was accelerated, and social security work was significantly strengthened Fifth, the reform and opening-up have been advanced in depth Important progress has been made in the reform of key areas and key links such as finance, taxation, finance and price In the whole year, import and export maintained a large growth, and foreign trade tended to balance On the whole, the national economy continues to develop in the direction of macro-control expectations, showing a good trend of rapid growth, price stability, better efficiency and improvement of people's livelihood These achievements are hard won In the past year, China's development has been confronted with complex and changeable situations at home and abroad, and the work of the government has undergone severe challenges and tests From the international perspective, the international financial crisis has not ended The weakening momentum of world economic recovery and the increasing inflationary pressure coexist The unemployment rate of major developed economies is high and the growth momentum is insufficient Emerging economies are facing the dual pressures of inflation and economic growth decline The prices of major international commodities fluctuate greatly, and trade and investment protectionism is strengthened The number of risk trigger points has increased significantly, the political situation in West Asia and North Africa is turbulent, earthquakes, tsunamis and nuclear radiation disasters have occurred in Japan, the sovereign debt rating of the United States has been lowered, and the sovereign debt crisis in Europe has spread and spread These events have occurred one after another and have had an impact on the world economy The macro-economic policies of various countries have been divided, and the United States has carried out "reverse operation" Maintain the second round of quantitative easing monetary policy; the eurozone took the lead in raising interest rates to deal with inflation, and then, under the pressure of sovereign debt crisis, cut interest rates twice in a row; after the earthquake, Japan increased fiscal policy stimulus and maintained quantitative easing monetary policy; some emerging economies appeared policy changes, took interest rate reduction measures or stopped raising interest rates; in the international capital flow trend In the changing situation, many governments intervene in exchange rate At home, in addition to some long-term accumulated institutional structural contradictions, there are many adverse factors affecting the stable operation of the economy, and macro-control faces many "dilemma" choices What is most outstanding is that the rapid rise of prices has become the main contradiction in economic operation The reasons for this round of price rise are complex Some factors that promote price rise are less controllable, especially the increasing pressure of imported inflation There is great uncertainty in the supply of some domestic agricultural products The cost of labor wage and other factors is on the rise, which has a strong rigid impact on the overall price level At the same time, China's economic growth is under downward pressure, the export growth rate continues to fall, there are many factors restricting the growth of domestic demand, and the real economy is facing more difficulties There are potential risks in some areas At the end of 2010, the balance of local government debt reached 10.7 trillion yuan In 2011 and 2012, it was the peak of debt repayment, accounting for 24% and 17% respectively The real estate market regulation is in a critical period, the buyer and the seller wait and play games, the market is in a stalemate state, which increases the market's concern about the stable operation of economy and finance; some projects under construction have fund gaps, and there are potential risks of fund chain fracture, etc It can be said that in the past year, the important characteristics of China's development environment are that long-term and short-term contradictions are intertwined, structural factors and cyclical factors interact, and domestic and international problems are interrelated If the government does not deal with them in time or improperly, it will have a great impact on economic and social development The Party Central Committee and the State Council have firmly grasped the overall situation, strengthened and improved macro-control, and the party committees and governments at all levels have conscientiously implemented the central decision-making and deployment, and done a lot of effective work First, we should adhere to the correct focus, strength and pace of macro-control, effectively curb the excessive rise of prices, and achieve steady and rapid economic development The outstanding feature of macro-control in 2011 is to adhere to the implementation of positive fiscal policy and stable monetary policy, firmly grasp and correctly handle the relationship between maintaining stable and rapid economic development, adjusting economic structure and managing inflation expectations, strive to achieve prudent and flexible regulation, adjust appropriately, and constantly improve the pertinence, flexibility and foresight of the policy First, we should take stabilizing the overall price level as the primary task of macro-control We will comprehensively strengthen price control and implement comprehensive policies We should make rational use of monetary policy tools to adjust the growth rate of monetary credit In the first seven months of last year, the deposit reserve ratio was raised six times, and the benchmark interest rate of deposits and loans was raised three times, which made the growth of money and credit return to normal in an orderly manner and effectively controlled the monetary conditions of rising prices At the end of December, the broad currency increased by 13.6% compared with the end of last year, and RMB loans increased by 7.5 trillion yuan, a decrease of 390.1 billion yuan over the previous year At the same time, we should vigorously develop production, ensure supply, invigorate circulation, strengthen supervision, and resolutely curb the excessive rise in prices Second, adhere to the strategic policy of expanding domestic demand, and strive to enhance the driving force of independent economic growth We will focus on expanding consumer demand and building a long-term mechanism We will actively optimize the investment structure, promote private investment, and orderly launch major projects under the 12th Five Year Plan Under the circumstances of the rising uncertainty of the world economy and some new changes in the operation of the domestic economy, we should adjust and fine tune appropriately in due time, strengthen the coordination and cooperation between credit policy and industrial policy, increase the intensity of structural tax reduction, focus on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro enterprises, focus on supporting people's livelihood projects, especially the indemnificatory housing projects, and focus on ensuring that the country's major The fund needs of construction and renewal projects are to solve the prominent contradictions in economic operation In 2011, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 17.1% year-on-year, the fixed asset investment of the whole society increased by 23.6%, the private investment (excluding farmers) increased by 34.3%, the proportion increased by 4.5 percentage points; the contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth was 105.8%, 11.5 percentage points higher than the previous year Third, we will unswervingly adjust and control the real estate market We will strengthen differentiated housing credit and tax policies, adjust measures to local conditions, guide and supervise cities to implement the goal of controlling housing prices, increase the supply of ordinary commodity housing, significantly curb speculative and investment demand, and make residents' purchase mentality more rational, and gradually cool down the real estate market In December 2011, the price of new housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities dropped by 8 on a year-on-year basis, and the growth rate dropped by 61, with 58 rising within 3% Fourth, we should attach great importance to preventing and resolving potential risks in the field of Finance and finance In particular, a comprehensive audit of local government debts was carried out in a timely manner to find out the total scale, formation reasons, repayment time limit and regional distribution of local government debts formed over the years We will conscientiously carry out the work of rectification and standardization, strictly control the increase, and actively and steadily solve the problems of debt repayment and follow-up financing of projects under construction Through strengthening and improving macro-control, under the complex and changeable environment at home and abroad, China's economy has maintained steady and rapid development, the rapid rise of prices has been reversed, and the financial and financial operation has been stable Practice has proved that the central government's decision on macro-control is correct, timely and effective Second, we should adhere to the principle of "support and control", promote structural upgrading, and improve development coordination and industrial competitiveness Running through the main line and taking structural adjustment as the main direction of attack are the distinctive features of the government work in the first year of the 12th Five Year Plan period First, we will continue to make agriculture, rural areas and farmers the top priority of all our work The central government has substantially increased spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, comprehensively implemented various policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture and enrich agriculture, consolidated and strengthened the foundation of agriculture, and promoted the sustained increase of agricultural production and the substantial increase of farmers' incomes Second, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, vigorously cultivate strategic emerging industries, promote enterprise merger and reorganization, support the revitalization of key industries and technological transformation, accelerate the development of modern service industries such as information consulting and e-commerce, promote the rapid development of transportation industry, and further consolidate the foundation of economic and social development Third, promote energy conservation and emission reduction and ecological environment protection, issue and implement the "12th Five Year Plan" comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction, work plan for greenhouse gas emission control and opinions on strengthening key work of environmental protection, strengthen target responsibility, increase financial support, promote key projects, and actively promote green and low-carbon development Fourth, we should promote the coordinated development of regional economy, thoroughly implement the overall strategy of regional development and the national plan for major functional areas, introduce and implement a series of preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet, Xinjiang and other regions, and formulate and implement the rural areas in the new decade