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Comments | Ji Peng (Northwestern University, USA), Shi Lihong (Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) Anemia is one of the major public health problems worldwide, and its prevalence has exceeded 30%
.
It is worth noting that anemia plagues 40-64% of patients with malignant tumors, resulting in decreased quality of life, poor tolerance to chemoradiotherapy, and even shortened survival
.
At present, erythropoietin (EPO) and its analogs are the main drugs for the clinical treatment of anemia
.
However, studies have shown that while EPO treats anemia, it also causes tumor proliferation and metastasis, thereby aggravating tumor progression such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer, which greatly limits the treatment options for anemia in cancer patients
.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs to treat cancer-related anemia
.
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as potential biomedical materials due to their optical properties and structural characteristics
.
The structural properties of CDs allow them to be easily modified to confer anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory functions
.
The excellent optical properties and photosensitivity enable CDs to generate higher heat under low power density laser irradiation, which can carry out electron or energy transfer reactions, and can be used for photothermal therapy and targeted killing of tumor cells
.
Recent studies have shown that CDs also have direct biological therapeutic effects and are expected to be applied to Parkinson's disease and various cancer treatments
.
Recently, Prof.
Shijie Zhang, Siyu Lu from Zhengzhou University and Prof.
Xiuli An from New York Blood Center published a research titled: Carbon dots as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer-related anemia in the journal Advanced Materials
.
In this study, jujube-derived carbon dots (J-CDs) were prepared by using jujube as a reaction precursor.
Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was revealed that J-CDs can stimulate erythroid progenitor cells by regulating the hypoxia-induced response and increasing the phosphorylation level of STAT5.
The self-renewal of J-CDs ultimately promotes efficient erythropoiesis; in addition, J-CDs do not affect the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells
.
Due to the many excellent properties of biological carbon dots, and jujube is considered a classic blood tonic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, the authors selected jujube as a carbon source to synthesize J-CDs
.
Various parameters of J-CDs were evaluated, which proved that J-CDs were successfully prepared (Fig.
1)
.
First, the authors used an in vitro erythroid differentiation system to evaluate the effect of J-CDs on human erythropoiesis and found that the promoting effect of J-CDs on erythroid proliferation was limited to the erythroid progenitor stage.
Therefore, it is speculated that J-CDs may promote erythroid proliferation Self-renewal capacity of progenitor cells (BFU-E and CFU-E)
.
In order to test this hypothesis, the authors used the sorted BFU-E and CFU-E cells to detect the clonogenic ability, and the results showed that J-CDs effectively enhanced the clonogenic ability of BFU-E and CFU-E cells
.
With the erythroid differentiation, CFU-E further differentiates into the terminal erythroid development stage, which in turn produces primitive erythrocytes (Pro), promyocytes (Baso), intermediate erythrocytes (Ploy), metaplastic erythrocytes (Ortho) and reticulocytes Red blood cells (Retic)
.
Therefore, the authors next investigated the effect of J-CDs on terminal erythroid differentiation and found that although J-CDs significantly promoted the proliferation of human erythroid progenitor cells, they did not affect terminal erythroid differentiation and the normal production of mature red blood cells.
.
Figure 1 In addition, the authors further evaluated the effect of J-CDs on mouse erythropoiesis in vivo (Figure 2 left)
.
The results showed that the erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and reticulocyte ratio in peripheral blood of mice treated with J-CDs were significantly increased
.
Bone marrow hematopoiesis was examined and found that Ter119+ cells (erythrocytes at the terminal developmental stage) were significantly increased in mice treated with J-CDs
.
Flow cytometry analysis using CD44 and Ter119 surface markers confirmed that the ratio of pro:baso:poly:ortho in the bone marrow of mice treated with J-CDs was still a normal ratio of 1:2:4:8
.
As another important hematopoietic organ in adult mice, the spleen is the main site of stress-induced erythropoiesis
.
J-CDs treatment resulted in a significant increase in nucleated red blood cells in the spleen of mice, and marked stress hematopoiesis
.
Furthermore, J-CDs treatment had no effect on the morphology of brain, heart, lung and liver in mice
.
So, is the promotion of erythroid hematopoiesis by J-CDs also due to the promotion of erythroid progenitor cells by J-CDs? Experiments confirmed that the number of clones formed and the size of clones increased after the BFU-E and CFU-E sorted in bone marrow were treated with J-CDs, which was consistent with the in vitro results
.
Interestingly, J-CDs had no significant effect on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and other lineage cells, and only specifically promoted the proliferation of mouse erythroid progenitor cells
.
Figure 2 At present, EPO has been widely used in the clinical treatment of anemia, but in recent years, many reports have shown that EPO can promote the progression of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and various cancers, which limits the application of EPO to related diseases
.
So do J-CDs, which can also promote erythropoiesis, affect cancer progression? To rule out this doubt, the authors used ovarian cancer (A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines), and xenograft models to validate the effect of J-CDs on tumor progression (Figure 2, right).
.
The results confirmed that J-CDs did not affect the proliferation of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and other tumors, and also did not affect the survival rate of ovarian cancer cell tumor-bearing mice
.
Studies have confirmed that EphB4 is the direct receptor of EPO in ovarian and breast cancers, and contributes to tumor progression by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3
.
Therefore, the authors further examined the effect of J-CDs on STAT3 phosphorylation levels
.
The results showed that J-CD did not affect the phosphorylation level of STAT3 in ovarian and breast cancer cells
.
To explore the molecular mechanism of J-CDs promoting self-renewal of erythroid progenitor cells, this study detected and analyzed RNA-seq data of CFU-E cells sorted from J-CDs group and control group
.
It was found that the most clearly upregulated pathway in CFU-E cells after J-CDs treatment was in response to hypoxia induction
.
This pathway coordinates EPO production, iron uptake and utilization, and regulation of the bone marrow microenvironment to ultimately promote erythroid progenitor proliferation
.
Furthermore, by evaluating the JAK2/STAT5, PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK cascade signaling pathways, the authors found that J-CDs treatment only significantly increased the phosphorylation level of STAT5 in human erythroid cells and in mouse bone marrow Ter119+ cells, and had a negative effect on ERK and AKT phosphorylation levels were not significantly affected
.
These results suggest that J-CDs promote erythroid cell proliferation, not by inducing hypoxia to increase EPO levels, but by a specific mechanism that does not involve EPO
.
In conclusion, this study synthesized unique J-CDs biocarbon dots using red dates, and found that J-CDs significantly promoted erythrocyte production, but not HSC homeostasis, directed differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells or other lineage cells.
The development of erythroid progenitor cells has no effect, and only specifically promotes the self-renewal capacity of erythroid progenitor cells
.
And the use of in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that J-CDs have no obvious effect on the progression of ovarian cancer and breast cancer
.
Finally, mechanistic studies demonstrated that J-CDs promoted the proliferation of erythroid progenitors by modulating hypoxia-responsive pathways and upregulating the phosphorylation level of STAT5
.
This study provides new options for the treatment of anemia, especially cancer-related anemia
.
Associate Professor Zhang Shijie from the School of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Professor Lu Siyu from the School of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University and Professor An Xiuli from the New York Blood Center are the co-corresponding authors of the paper, Xu Yuanlin, Wang Baiyang and Zhang Mingming are the co-first authors, Associate Professor Zhang Jingxin, Associate Professor Qu Xiaoli, etc.
Important author of the paper
.
Expert Comments Ji Peng (Northwestern University) Anemia is one of the important public health problems worldwide
.
Especially in cancer patients, anemia has become a common complication regardless of treatment
.
The emergence of anemia symptoms will reduce the patient's tolerance to treatment, and ultimately affect the overall survival rate
.
In terms of drug therapy, erythropoietin (EPO) and its analogs have been developed for clinical treatment of anemia
.
However, many clinical reports and basic research reports in recent years have shown that EPO can stimulate tumor proliferation and metastasis
.
This greatly limits the clinical application of this therapeutic approach
.
Therefore, the development of new and effective drugs to help manage and treat cancer-related anemia is of great importance
.
The development of interdisciplinary provides people with more ideas and choices
.
Among them, carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging class of small-sized carbon nanomaterials, have been reported to exert direct therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo due to their good biocompatibility and special physicochemical properties
.
In this study, the researchers prepared jujube-derived carbon dots (J-CDs) by a one-step hydrothermal method using jujube with blood-replenishing function as a precursor.
In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that J-CDs can regulate the hypoxia response and increase the expression of STAT5.
The phosphorylation level specifically stimulates the self-renewal of erythroid progenitor cells and thus significantly promotes erythropoiesis (without affecting the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells and terminal erythroid differentiation and maturation)
.
Most importantly, the application of J-CDs can effectively improve the symptoms of anemia in mouse tumor models without promoting tumor cell proliferation
.
This research is an effective combination of materials chemistry and biomedicine, and is a successful attempt of interdisciplinary
.
The successful development of J-CDs can not only provide new and promising options for the treatment of cancer-related anemia, but also further broaden the biomedical applications of nanomedicines represented by CDs
.
Shi Lihong (Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) revealed the secret of jujube blood anemia is a worldwide problem
.
According to statistics from the World Health Organization, the number of people with anemia in the world has exceeded 2 billion, accounting for about 30% of the world's total population, of which about 8.
8% are unable to take care of themselves due to anemia
.
In addition to primary anemia, anemia is also a common complication of many major diseases, including chronic kidney disease, chronic infection, liver disease, and malignant tumors
.
In malignant tumors, the incidence of anemia is 40-60%, and the adverse events caused by it are the third in tumor complications
.
Anemia reduces the quality of life of patients, and in tumor-related anemia, it also leads to lower tolerance of patients to treatment and affects the survival of patients
.
When the anemia is improved, not only the quality of life of the patients is significantly improved, but also the effect of anti-tumor therapy is improved
.
The current treatment of anemia mainly includes blood transfusion and erythropoietin (EPO) drugs
.
However, blood transfusion has problems and potential risks such as insufficient blood source, iron overload, and viral infection
.
There are also many problems with EPO treatment, such as a variety of primary and secondary anemias that do not respond to EPO treatment, and EPO may promote cancer cell proliferation in tumors
.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new targeted drugs for the treatment of anemia
.
Carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively studied as a class of potential nanomedicine materials
.
The researchers now found that the unique surface polymeric shells of CDs are strongly associated with the selected precursors
.
In this study, the researchers prepared red jujube-derived carbon dots (J-CDs) using red dates as a reaction precursor.
Compared with traditional CDs, J-CDs were derived from biomass, and the rich nutrients in red dates were also limited.
Thresholds play an important role in the backbone of J-CDs
.
J-CDs can significantly promote erythropoiesis in human erythrocytes induced to differentiate in vitro and in mice
.
More interestingly, in a tumor anemia model, J-CDs significantly improved anemia, but had no effect on tumor cell proliferation
.
In terms of molecular mechanism, studies have found that the mechanism of J-CDs promoting erythropoiesis is different from that of EPO.
J-CDs specifically promote the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells by affecting the phosphorylation of STAT5
.
J-CDs does not affect the signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT downstream of EPO in erythrocytes, nor does it affect the phosphorylation of STAT3 mediated by EPO in tumor cells
.
In vitro and in vivo studies have consistently demonstrated that J-CDs can specifically target anemia
.
The study provides new options for anemia treatment
.
In view of the huge number of patients with anemia and limited treatment options, especially considering the potential risks of EPO in the treatment of tumor-related anemia, the discovery of J-CDs will benefit the majority of anemia patients; at the same time, using red dates with medicinal value as carbon sources, It increases the diversity of CDs raw materials, provides an experimental basis for Chinese medicine-derived CDs and Chinese medicine modernization, and has extremely important social, economic and medical value
.
In addition, this study suggests that J-CDs specifically promotes the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, and has little effect on hematopoietic stem progenitor cells and other lineage cells.
The mechanism of self-renewal or acceptance of drugs has certain uniqueness and deserves further in-depth study
.
Original link: https://onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/abs/10.
1002/adma.
202200905
.
It is worth noting that anemia plagues 40-64% of patients with malignant tumors, resulting in decreased quality of life, poor tolerance to chemoradiotherapy, and even shortened survival
.
At present, erythropoietin (EPO) and its analogs are the main drugs for the clinical treatment of anemia
.
However, studies have shown that while EPO treats anemia, it also causes tumor proliferation and metastasis, thereby aggravating tumor progression such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer, which greatly limits the treatment options for anemia in cancer patients
.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs to treat cancer-related anemia
.
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as potential biomedical materials due to their optical properties and structural characteristics
.
The structural properties of CDs allow them to be easily modified to confer anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory functions
.
The excellent optical properties and photosensitivity enable CDs to generate higher heat under low power density laser irradiation, which can carry out electron or energy transfer reactions, and can be used for photothermal therapy and targeted killing of tumor cells
.
Recent studies have shown that CDs also have direct biological therapeutic effects and are expected to be applied to Parkinson's disease and various cancer treatments
.
Recently, Prof.
Shijie Zhang, Siyu Lu from Zhengzhou University and Prof.
Xiuli An from New York Blood Center published a research titled: Carbon dots as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer-related anemia in the journal Advanced Materials
.
In this study, jujube-derived carbon dots (J-CDs) were prepared by using jujube as a reaction precursor.
Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was revealed that J-CDs can stimulate erythroid progenitor cells by regulating the hypoxia-induced response and increasing the phosphorylation level of STAT5.
The self-renewal of J-CDs ultimately promotes efficient erythropoiesis; in addition, J-CDs do not affect the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells
.
Due to the many excellent properties of biological carbon dots, and jujube is considered a classic blood tonic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, the authors selected jujube as a carbon source to synthesize J-CDs
.
Various parameters of J-CDs were evaluated, which proved that J-CDs were successfully prepared (Fig.
1)
.
First, the authors used an in vitro erythroid differentiation system to evaluate the effect of J-CDs on human erythropoiesis and found that the promoting effect of J-CDs on erythroid proliferation was limited to the erythroid progenitor stage.
Therefore, it is speculated that J-CDs may promote erythroid proliferation Self-renewal capacity of progenitor cells (BFU-E and CFU-E)
.
In order to test this hypothesis, the authors used the sorted BFU-E and CFU-E cells to detect the clonogenic ability, and the results showed that J-CDs effectively enhanced the clonogenic ability of BFU-E and CFU-E cells
.
With the erythroid differentiation, CFU-E further differentiates into the terminal erythroid development stage, which in turn produces primitive erythrocytes (Pro), promyocytes (Baso), intermediate erythrocytes (Ploy), metaplastic erythrocytes (Ortho) and reticulocytes Red blood cells (Retic)
.
Therefore, the authors next investigated the effect of J-CDs on terminal erythroid differentiation and found that although J-CDs significantly promoted the proliferation of human erythroid progenitor cells, they did not affect terminal erythroid differentiation and the normal production of mature red blood cells.
.
Figure 1 In addition, the authors further evaluated the effect of J-CDs on mouse erythropoiesis in vivo (Figure 2 left)
.
The results showed that the erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and reticulocyte ratio in peripheral blood of mice treated with J-CDs were significantly increased
.
Bone marrow hematopoiesis was examined and found that Ter119+ cells (erythrocytes at the terminal developmental stage) were significantly increased in mice treated with J-CDs
.
Flow cytometry analysis using CD44 and Ter119 surface markers confirmed that the ratio of pro:baso:poly:ortho in the bone marrow of mice treated with J-CDs was still a normal ratio of 1:2:4:8
.
As another important hematopoietic organ in adult mice, the spleen is the main site of stress-induced erythropoiesis
.
J-CDs treatment resulted in a significant increase in nucleated red blood cells in the spleen of mice, and marked stress hematopoiesis
.
Furthermore, J-CDs treatment had no effect on the morphology of brain, heart, lung and liver in mice
.
So, is the promotion of erythroid hematopoiesis by J-CDs also due to the promotion of erythroid progenitor cells by J-CDs? Experiments confirmed that the number of clones formed and the size of clones increased after the BFU-E and CFU-E sorted in bone marrow were treated with J-CDs, which was consistent with the in vitro results
.
Interestingly, J-CDs had no significant effect on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and other lineage cells, and only specifically promoted the proliferation of mouse erythroid progenitor cells
.
Figure 2 At present, EPO has been widely used in the clinical treatment of anemia, but in recent years, many reports have shown that EPO can promote the progression of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and various cancers, which limits the application of EPO to related diseases
.
So do J-CDs, which can also promote erythropoiesis, affect cancer progression? To rule out this doubt, the authors used ovarian cancer (A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines), and xenograft models to validate the effect of J-CDs on tumor progression (Figure 2, right).
.
The results confirmed that J-CDs did not affect the proliferation of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and other tumors, and also did not affect the survival rate of ovarian cancer cell tumor-bearing mice
.
Studies have confirmed that EphB4 is the direct receptor of EPO in ovarian and breast cancers, and contributes to tumor progression by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3
.
Therefore, the authors further examined the effect of J-CDs on STAT3 phosphorylation levels
.
The results showed that J-CD did not affect the phosphorylation level of STAT3 in ovarian and breast cancer cells
.
To explore the molecular mechanism of J-CDs promoting self-renewal of erythroid progenitor cells, this study detected and analyzed RNA-seq data of CFU-E cells sorted from J-CDs group and control group
.
It was found that the most clearly upregulated pathway in CFU-E cells after J-CDs treatment was in response to hypoxia induction
.
This pathway coordinates EPO production, iron uptake and utilization, and regulation of the bone marrow microenvironment to ultimately promote erythroid progenitor proliferation
.
Furthermore, by evaluating the JAK2/STAT5, PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK cascade signaling pathways, the authors found that J-CDs treatment only significantly increased the phosphorylation level of STAT5 in human erythroid cells and in mouse bone marrow Ter119+ cells, and had a negative effect on ERK and AKT phosphorylation levels were not significantly affected
.
These results suggest that J-CDs promote erythroid cell proliferation, not by inducing hypoxia to increase EPO levels, but by a specific mechanism that does not involve EPO
.
In conclusion, this study synthesized unique J-CDs biocarbon dots using red dates, and found that J-CDs significantly promoted erythrocyte production, but not HSC homeostasis, directed differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells or other lineage cells.
The development of erythroid progenitor cells has no effect, and only specifically promotes the self-renewal capacity of erythroid progenitor cells
.
And the use of in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that J-CDs have no obvious effect on the progression of ovarian cancer and breast cancer
.
Finally, mechanistic studies demonstrated that J-CDs promoted the proliferation of erythroid progenitors by modulating hypoxia-responsive pathways and upregulating the phosphorylation level of STAT5
.
This study provides new options for the treatment of anemia, especially cancer-related anemia
.
Associate Professor Zhang Shijie from the School of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Professor Lu Siyu from the School of Chemistry of Zhengzhou University and Professor An Xiuli from the New York Blood Center are the co-corresponding authors of the paper, Xu Yuanlin, Wang Baiyang and Zhang Mingming are the co-first authors, Associate Professor Zhang Jingxin, Associate Professor Qu Xiaoli, etc.
Important author of the paper
.
Expert Comments Ji Peng (Northwestern University) Anemia is one of the important public health problems worldwide
.
Especially in cancer patients, anemia has become a common complication regardless of treatment
.
The emergence of anemia symptoms will reduce the patient's tolerance to treatment, and ultimately affect the overall survival rate
.
In terms of drug therapy, erythropoietin (EPO) and its analogs have been developed for clinical treatment of anemia
.
However, many clinical reports and basic research reports in recent years have shown that EPO can stimulate tumor proliferation and metastasis
.
This greatly limits the clinical application of this therapeutic approach
.
Therefore, the development of new and effective drugs to help manage and treat cancer-related anemia is of great importance
.
The development of interdisciplinary provides people with more ideas and choices
.
Among them, carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging class of small-sized carbon nanomaterials, have been reported to exert direct therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo due to their good biocompatibility and special physicochemical properties
.
In this study, the researchers prepared jujube-derived carbon dots (J-CDs) by a one-step hydrothermal method using jujube with blood-replenishing function as a precursor.
In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that J-CDs can regulate the hypoxia response and increase the expression of STAT5.
The phosphorylation level specifically stimulates the self-renewal of erythroid progenitor cells and thus significantly promotes erythropoiesis (without affecting the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells and terminal erythroid differentiation and maturation)
.
Most importantly, the application of J-CDs can effectively improve the symptoms of anemia in mouse tumor models without promoting tumor cell proliferation
.
This research is an effective combination of materials chemistry and biomedicine, and is a successful attempt of interdisciplinary
.
The successful development of J-CDs can not only provide new and promising options for the treatment of cancer-related anemia, but also further broaden the biomedical applications of nanomedicines represented by CDs
.
Shi Lihong (Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) revealed the secret of jujube blood anemia is a worldwide problem
.
According to statistics from the World Health Organization, the number of people with anemia in the world has exceeded 2 billion, accounting for about 30% of the world's total population, of which about 8.
8% are unable to take care of themselves due to anemia
.
In addition to primary anemia, anemia is also a common complication of many major diseases, including chronic kidney disease, chronic infection, liver disease, and malignant tumors
.
In malignant tumors, the incidence of anemia is 40-60%, and the adverse events caused by it are the third in tumor complications
.
Anemia reduces the quality of life of patients, and in tumor-related anemia, it also leads to lower tolerance of patients to treatment and affects the survival of patients
.
When the anemia is improved, not only the quality of life of the patients is significantly improved, but also the effect of anti-tumor therapy is improved
.
The current treatment of anemia mainly includes blood transfusion and erythropoietin (EPO) drugs
.
However, blood transfusion has problems and potential risks such as insufficient blood source, iron overload, and viral infection
.
There are also many problems with EPO treatment, such as a variety of primary and secondary anemias that do not respond to EPO treatment, and EPO may promote cancer cell proliferation in tumors
.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new targeted drugs for the treatment of anemia
.
Carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively studied as a class of potential nanomedicine materials
.
The researchers now found that the unique surface polymeric shells of CDs are strongly associated with the selected precursors
.
In this study, the researchers prepared red jujube-derived carbon dots (J-CDs) using red dates as a reaction precursor.
Compared with traditional CDs, J-CDs were derived from biomass, and the rich nutrients in red dates were also limited.
Thresholds play an important role in the backbone of J-CDs
.
J-CDs can significantly promote erythropoiesis in human erythrocytes induced to differentiate in vitro and in mice
.
More interestingly, in a tumor anemia model, J-CDs significantly improved anemia, but had no effect on tumor cell proliferation
.
In terms of molecular mechanism, studies have found that the mechanism of J-CDs promoting erythropoiesis is different from that of EPO.
J-CDs specifically promote the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells by affecting the phosphorylation of STAT5
.
J-CDs does not affect the signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT downstream of EPO in erythrocytes, nor does it affect the phosphorylation of STAT3 mediated by EPO in tumor cells
.
In vitro and in vivo studies have consistently demonstrated that J-CDs can specifically target anemia
.
The study provides new options for anemia treatment
.
In view of the huge number of patients with anemia and limited treatment options, especially considering the potential risks of EPO in the treatment of tumor-related anemia, the discovery of J-CDs will benefit the majority of anemia patients; at the same time, using red dates with medicinal value as carbon sources, It increases the diversity of CDs raw materials, provides an experimental basis for Chinese medicine-derived CDs and Chinese medicine modernization, and has extremely important social, economic and medical value
.
In addition, this study suggests that J-CDs specifically promotes the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, and has little effect on hematopoietic stem progenitor cells and other lineage cells.
The mechanism of self-renewal or acceptance of drugs has certain uniqueness and deserves further in-depth study
.
Original link: https://onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/abs/10.
1002/adma.
202200905
