BMJ: Effects of dietary patterns on weight loss and cardiovascular risk in obese populations

Recently, researchers looked at the effectof dietary nutrition patterns on improved weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese adultsthis study is a systematic review and meta-analysis, collecting data as of September 2018 on the effects of changes in dietary patterns in adults who are overweight (BMI 25-29) or obese (BMI:30) (age of 18 years)At 6 or 12 months, participants' weight, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, systolic blood, diastolic pressure, and C-reactive protein changes were at 6 or 12 months121 eligible trials, totalling 21,942 patients, examined 14 popular diets and 3 controlled intervention dietsCompared to the general diet, a low-carbohydrate and low-fat diet was effective at 6 months for weight loss (-4.63 vs -4.37 kg, medium evidence grade) and systolic pressure (-5.14 mm Hg vs -5.05 mm Hg, low evidence grade) and diastolic pressure (-3.21 vs -2.85 mm, low evidence grade)A moderately large, nutritious diet leads to weight loss and lower blood pressureLow carbohydrate (-1.01mg/dl, low evidence grade) diet smaller to reduce LDL cholesterol than low-fat diets (-7.08mg/dl, medium evidence) and medium-sized nutritious diets (-5.22mg/dl, medium evidence grade), but low carbohydrate diets can be medium-to-medium Increased HDL cholesterol levels (2.31 mg/dL, low evidence rating), while low fat (-1.88 mg/dL, increase grade medium) and moderate lysa--a medium-sized diet pattern had no significant effect on HDL cholesterolIn popular diets, those with the greatest effects on weight loss and blood pressure over 6 months compared to regular diets were Atkins (weight: -5.5 kg, systolic pressure -5.1 mmHg, diastolic pressure -3.3 mmHg), DASH (-3.6 kg, -4.7 mmHg, -2.9 mmHg) and Zone -4.1 kg, -3.5 mm Mercury, 2mmWithin 6 months, no diet significantly improved HDL cholesterol or C-reactive protein levelsOverall, at 12 months, all dietary patterns improved for weight loss, while the benefits of all interventions to cardiovascular risk factors, except the Mediterranean diet, largely disappearedstudy found that most healthy eating patterns improved their weight and cardiovascular risk factors moderately over a six-month period, but at 12 months they did not have a significant effect